This year marks the tenth anniversary of the identification of the biological function of CRISPR-Cas as adaptive immune systems in bacteria. In just a decade, the characterization of CRISPR-Cas systems has established a novel means of adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea and deepened our understanding of the interplay between prokaryotes and their environment, and CRISPR-based molecular machines have been repurposed to enable a genome editing revolution. Here, we look back on the historical milestones that have paved the way for the discovery of CRISPR and its function, and discuss the related technological applications that have emerged, with a focus on microbiology. Lastly, we provide a perspective on the impacts the field has had on science and beyond.

中文翻译：

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十年的发现：CRISPR的功能和应用。

今年是CRISPR-Cas作为细菌中的适应性免疫系统的生物学功能鉴定的十周年。在仅仅十年的时间里，CRISPR-Cas系统的表征建立了一种细菌和古细菌适应性免疫的新方法，并加深了我们对原核生物及其环境之间相互作用的理解，基于CRISPR的分子机器已被重新用于实现基因组编辑革命。在这里，我们回顾了为发现CRISPR及其功能铺平道路的历史里程碑，并讨论了已出现的相关技术应用，重点是微生物学。最后，我们提供了该领域对科学及其他领域的影响的观点。