RNA plays an important role in life processes. Imaging of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) not only allows us to learn the formation and transcription of mRNAs and the biogenesis of miRNAs involved in various life processes, but also helps in detecting cancer. High-performance RNA imaging probes greatly expand our view of life processes and enhance the cancer detection accuracy. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art high-performance RNA imaging probes, including exogenous probes that can image RNA sequences with special modification and endogeneous probes that can directly image endogenous RNAs without special treatment. For each probe, we review its structure and imaging principle in detail. Finally, we summarize the application of mRNA and miRNA imaging probes in studying life processes as well as in detecting cancer. By correlating the structures and principles of various probes with their practical uses, we compare different RNA imaging probes and offer guidance for better utilization of the current imaging probes and the future design of higher-performance RNA imaging probes.

中文翻译：

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高性能荧光和生物发光RNA成像探针的最新进展

RNA在生命过程中起着重要作用。信使RNA（mRNA）和微小RNA（miRNA）的成像不仅使我们能够了解涉及各种生命过程的mRNA的形成和转录以及miRNA的生物发生，而且还有助于检测癌症。高性能RNA成像探针极大地扩展了我们对生命过程的看法，并提高了癌症检测的准确性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最新的高性能RNA成像探针，包括可以对具有特殊修饰的RNA序列成像的外源探针和可以直接对内源RNA进行成像而无需特殊处理的内源探针。对于每个探针，我们都会详细审查其结构和成像原理。最后，我们总结了mRNA和miRNA成像探针在研究生命过程以及检测癌症中的应用。