Composite materials have attracted much interest because of the emergent properties originating from the components. A variety of methods have been studied to control the morphology of composites based on noncrystalline polymers and crystalline materials. However, it is not easy to control complex morphologies, such as segregated sea-island structures, on the submicrometer scale. Polymerization induces crystallization, because supersaturation, which is required for crystallization, is achieved by the consumption of the monomer. Here we report a phase-separation approach based on simultaneous polymerization and crystallization as a new method for the morphological control of composite materials. Segregated polymer and organic crystal domains are obtained by polymerization of an organic monomer solution accompanied by simultaneous crystallization. The phase separation induced the generation of composite materials consisting of a redox-active quinone crystal and conductive polymer with a segregated structure on the submicrometer scale. The segregated composite of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone and polypyrrole showed enhanced charge-storage properties based on the smooth redox reaction. The present phase-separation approach can be applied to a variety of functional segregated composite materials consisting of crystalline and polymer materials.

复合材料已经引起了人们的极大兴趣，因为它们具有来自组件的新兴特性。已经研究了多种方法来控制基于非晶态聚合物和晶体材料的复合材料的形态。但是，要控制亚微米级的复杂形态，例如分离的海岛结构，并不容易。聚合引起结晶，因为结晶所必需的过饱和是通过消耗单体来实现的。在这里，我们报告一种基于同时聚合和结晶的相分离方法，作为复合材料形态控制的一种新方法。通过有机单体溶液的聚合并同时结晶获得分离的聚合物和有机晶畴。相分离引起了复合材料的产生，该复合材料由氧化还原活性醌晶体和具有亚微米级偏析结构的导电聚合物组成。2,3-二氯-1,4-萘醌和聚吡咯的分离复合物基于光滑的氧化还原反应显示出增强的电荷存储性能。本相分离方法可以应用于由晶体和聚合物材料组成的多种功能隔离的复合材料。