Quantifying hunting-induced defaunation As the human population grows and increasingly encroaches on remaining wildlife habitat, hunting threatens many species. Benítez-López et al. conducted a large-scale meta-analysis of hunting trends and impacts across the tropics (see the Perspective by Brashares and Gaynor). Bird and mammal populations were considerably lower in areas where hunting occurred. Although commercial hunting and proximity to roads and urban centers were the most damaging factors, all hunting had worrying impacts, even in protected areas. Protection and alternative approaches for sustainable subsistence hunting must be implemented soon if we are to prevent further, rapid defaunation. Science, this issue p. 180; see also p. 136 Hunting of wildlife significantly affects mammal and bird populations across the tropics. Hunting is a major driver of biodiversity loss, but a systematic large-scale estimate of hunting-induced defaunation is lacking. We synthesized 176 studies to quantify hunting-induced declines of mammal and bird populations across the tropics. Bird and mammal abundances declined by 58% (25 to 76%) and by 83% (72 to 90%) in hunted compared with unhunted areas. Bird and mammal populations were depleted within 7 and 40 kilometers from hunters’ access points (roads and settlements). Additionally, hunting pressure was higher in areas with better accessibility to major towns where wild meat could be traded. Mammal population densities were lower outside protected areas, particularly because of commercial hunting. Strategies to sustainably manage wild meat hunting in both protected and unprotected tropical ecosystems are urgently needed to avoid further defaunation.

中文翻译：

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狩猎对热带哺乳动物和鸟类种群的影响

量化狩猎引起的动物区系丧失随着人口的增长和对剩余野生动物栖息地的日益侵占，狩猎威胁着许多物种。贝尼特斯-洛佩斯等人。对整个热带地区的狩猎趋势和影响进行了大规模元分析（参见 Brashares 和 Gaynor 的观点）。在发生狩猎的地区，鸟类和哺乳动物的数量要少得多。尽管商业狩猎以及靠近道路和城市中心是最具破坏性的因素，但所有狩猎都会产生令人担忧的影响，即使在保护区也是如此。如果我们要防止进一步、快速的动物区系丧失，就必须尽快实施可持续生存狩猎的保护和替代方法。科学，这个问题 p。180; 另见第。136 野生动物狩猎对整个热带地区的哺乳动物和鸟类种群产生了重大影响。狩猎是生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素，但缺乏对狩猎引起的动物区系丧失的系统大规模估计。我们综合了 176 项研究来量化狩猎引起的热带哺乳动物和鸟类种群的下降。与未狩猎地区相比，被狩猎的鸟类和哺乳动物的丰度下降了 58%（25% 至 76%）和 83%（72% 至 90%）。鸟类和哺乳动物种群在距离猎人进入点（道路和定居点）7 到 40 公里范围内枯竭。此外，在靠近可以交易野生肉类的主要城镇的地区，狩猎压力更大。保护区外的哺乳动物种群密度较低，特别是因为商业狩猎。