Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful, multifunctional imaging platform that allows biological samples, from single molecules to living cells, to be visualized and manipulated. Soon after the instrument was invented, it was recognized that in order to maximize the opportunities of AFM imaging in biology, various technological developments would be required to address certain limitations of the method. This has led to the creation of a range of new imaging modes, which continue to push the capabilities of the technique today. Here, we review the basic principles, advantages and limitations of the most common AFM bioimaging modes, including the popular contact and dynamic modes, as well as recently developed modes such as multiparametric, molecular recognition, multifrequency and high-speed imaging. For each of these modes, we discuss recent experiments that highlight their unique capabilities.

原子力显微镜（AFM）是功能强大的多功能成像平台，可对从单个分子到活细胞的生物样品进行可视化和操作。仪器发明后不久，人们认识到为了使AFM成像在生物学中的机会最大化，将需要各种技术发展来解决该方法的某些局限性。这导致创建了一系列新的成像模式，这些新的成像模式继续推动了该技术的发展。在这里，我们回顾了最常见的AFM生物成像模式的基本原理，优点和局限性，包括流行的接触和动态模式，以及最近开发的模式，例如多参数，分子识别，多频和高速成像。对于每种模式，