Catalytic C–H bond activation, which was an elusive subject of chemical research until the 1990s, has now become a standard synthetic method for the formation of new C–C and C–heteroatom bonds. The synthetic potential of C–H activation was first described for ruthenium catalysis and is now widely exploited by the use of various precious metals. Driven by the increasing interest in chemical utilization of ubiquitous metals that are abundant and nontoxic, iron catalysis has become a rapidly growing area of research, and iron-catalyzed C–H activation has been most actively explored in recent years. In this review, we summarize the development of stoichiometric C–H activation, which has a long history, and catalytic C–H functionalization, which emerged about 10 years ago. We focus in this review on reactions that take place via reactive organoiron intermediates, and we excluded those that use iron as a Lewis acid or radical initiator. The contents of this review are categorized by the type of C–H bond cleaved and the type of bond formed thereafter, and it covers the reactions of simple substrates and substrates possessing a directing group that anchors the catalyst to the substrate, providing an overview of iron-mediated and iron-catalyzed C–H activation reported in the literature by October 2016.

中文翻译：

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铁催化的CH键活化

一直到1990年代，化学反应中一直难以捉摸的C–H键活化现在已经成为形成新的C–C和C–杂原子键的标准合成方法。甲烷活化的合成潜力最初是在钌催化中描述的，如今已被各种贵金属的使用所广泛开发。在人们对化学无毒无处不在的金属进行化学利用的兴趣日益浓厚的驱使下，铁催化已成为研究的快速增长领域，近年来，铁催化的C–H活化得到了最积极的探索。在这篇综述中，我们总结了化学计量CH活化的发展和悠久的历史，而催化CH活化的功能化已经有很长的历史了，大约十年前出现了。我们将重点放在通过反应性有机铁中间体发生的反应上，并排除那些使用铁作为路易斯酸或自由基引发剂的反应。这篇综述的内容按断裂的CH键和随后形成的键的类型进行分类，它涵盖了简单的底物和具有将催化剂锚定在底物上的导向基团的底物的反应，从而概述了到2016年10月，文献报道了铁介导的铁催化的CH活化。