Cancer Etiology Most textbooks attribute cancer-causing mutations to two major sources: inherited and environmental factors. A recent study highlighted the prominent role in cancer of replicative (R) mutations that arise from a third source: unavoidable errors associated with DNA replication. Tomasetti et al. developed a method for determining the proportions of cancer-causing mutations that result from inherited, environmental, and replicative factors (see the Perspective by Nowak and Waclaw). They found that a substantial fraction of cancer driver gene mutations are indeed due to replicative factors. The results are consistent with epidemiological estimates of the fraction of preventable cancers. Science , this issue p. [1330][1]; see also p. [1266][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaf9011 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aam9746

中文翻译：

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癌症和不可避免的 R 因素

癌症病因学 大多数教科书将致癌突变归因于两个主要来源：遗传和环境因素。最近的一项研究强调了由第三个来源引起的复制 (R) 突变在癌症中的突出作用：与 DNA 复制相关的不可避免的错误。托马塞蒂等人。开发了一种确定由遗传、环境和复制因素引起的致癌突变比例的方法（参见 Nowak 和 Waclaw 的观点）。他们发现很大一部分癌症驱动基因突变确实是由复制因素引起的。结果与可预防癌症比例的流行病学估计一致。科学，这个问题 p。[1330][1]；另见第。[1266][2][1]：/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaf9011 [2]：/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aam9746