![Figure][1] Licensing rules for CRISPR technology could impede the development of new therapies. ILLUSTRATION: V. ALTOUNIAN/ SCIENCE J. L. Contreras and J. S. Sherkow's Policy Forum “CRISPR, surrogate licensing, and scientific discovery” (17 February, p. [698][2]) suggests that exclusive licenses granted by the foundational patent holders “could rapidly bottleneck the use of CRISPR technology to discover and develop useful human therapeutics.” To address this problem, Contreras and Sherkow call for the institutions that control patent rights to “ensure…exclusive licenses are narrowly drawn to specific genes.” An independent patent pool like those successfully deployed in the consumer electronics industry would provide a more competitive and effective solution. Pooling the foundational CRISPR patent rights for licensing to industry on nonexclusive, cost-effective, transparent, and nondiscriminatory terms, including royalty-free research by universities, would expand and accelerate commercialization of CRISPR-based products and therapies by providing developers easy access to a package of essential patent rights in a single licensing transaction, thereby allowing them to focus on creation of new products that compete on technological innovation, product quality, service, and marketing. At the same time, the foundational patent owners would be rewarded for their investment from their fair share of reasonable royalties from the pool. As a voluntary market-based business solution to the patent-access problem tailored to balance, incentivize, and resolve competing market and public interests, an independently managed patent pool is superior to solutions imposed from on high, such as march-in rights or compulsory licensing. The pool also would afford yet greater opportunity for all licensees, including those who abrogate limited exclusivity to free up patents for licensing through the pool, to gain broad access to related CRISPR technologies. [1]: pending:yes [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aal4222

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CRISPR技术专利池

![图][1] CRISPR 技术的许可规则可能会阻碍新疗法的开发。插图：V. ALTOUNIAN/ SCIENCE JL Contreras 和 JS Sherkow 的政策论坛“CRISPR、代理许可和科学发现”（2 月 17 日，第 [698][2] 页）表明，基础专利持有人授予的排他性许可“可以迅速使用 CRISPR 技术发现和开发有用的人类疗法的瓶颈。” 为了解决这个问题，Contreras 和 Sherkow 呼吁控制专利权的机构“确保……独家许可仅限于特定基因。” 像在消费电子行业成功部署的专利池一样，独立的专利池将提供更具竞争力和更有效的解决方案。汇集基础 CRISPR 专利权，以非排他性、成本效益、透明和非歧视性条款向行业授予许可，包括大学的免版税研究，将通过为开发人员提供轻松访问基于 CRISPR 的产品和疗法的便利来扩大和加速基于 CRISPR 的产品和疗法的商业化在单一许可交易中提供一揽子基本专利权，从而使他们能够专注于创造在技术创新、产品质量、服务和营销方面竞争的新产品。同时，基础专利所有人的投资将通过其从专利池中公平分享的合理使用费获得奖励。作为针对专利获取问题的基于市场的自愿解决方案，旨在平衡、激励和解决竞争性市场和公共利益，独立管理的专利池优于自上而下的解决方案，例如进入权或强制许可。该池还将为所有被许可人提供更大的机会，包括那些废除有限排他性以通过池释放专利以进行许可的人，以获得对相关 CRISPR 技术的广泛访问。[1]：待定：是 [2]：/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aal4222