Although the biological functions of cell and tissue can be regulated by biochemical factors (e.g., growth factors, hormones), the biophysical effects of materials on the regulation of biological activity are receiving more attention. In this Review, we systematically summarize the recent progress on how biomaterials with controllable properties (e.g., compositional/degradable dynamics, mechanical properties, 2D topography, and 3D geometry) can regulate cell behaviors (e.g., cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, cell alignment, and the differentiation or self-maintenance of stem cells) and tissue/organ functions. How the biophysical features of materials influence tissue/organ regeneration have been elucidated. Current challenges and a perspective on the development of novel materials that can modulate specific biological functions are discussed. The interdependent relationship between biomaterials and biology leads us to propose the concept of “materiobiology”, which is a scientific discipline that studies the biological effects of the properties of biomaterials on biological functions at cell, tissue, organ, and the whole organism levels. This Review highlights that it is more important to develop ECM-mimicking biomaterials having a self-regenerative capacity to stimulate tissue regeneration, instead of attempting to recreate the complexity of living tissues or tissue constructs ex vivo. The principles of materiobiology may benefit the development of novel biomaterials providing combinative bioactive cues to activate the migration of stem cells from endogenous reservoirs (i.e., cell niches), stimulate robust and scalable self-healing mechanisms, and unlock the body’s innate powers of regeneration.

中文翻译：

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母体生物学的视野：指导材料的细胞行为和组织工程学的观点

尽管细胞和组织的生物学功能可以通过生化因素（例如生长因子，激素）来调节，但是材料对调节生物活性的生物物理作用正受到越来越多的关注。在这篇综述中，我们系统地总结了具有可控特性（例如，成分/可降解动力学，机械特性，2D地形和3D几何形状）的生物材料如何调控细胞行为（例如，细胞粘附，扩散，增殖，细胞排列）的最新进展，以及干细胞的分化或自我维持）和组织/器官功能。已经阐明了材料的生物物理特征如何影响组织/器官再生。讨论了当前的挑战以及可以调节特定生物学功能的新型材料的发展前景。生物材料与生物学之间相互依存的关系使我们提出“物质生物学”的概念，这是一门科学学科，研究生物材料的性质对细胞，组织，器官和整个生物体水平上的生物学功能的生物学影响。该评论强调，开发具有自我再生能力以刺激组织再生的，模仿ECM的生物材料，而不是试图在活体外重建活体组织或组织构建物的复杂性，这一点更为重要。