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Transparent Window Vibrational Probes for the Characterization of Proteins With High Structural and Temporal Resolution
Chemical Reviews ( IF 51.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-01-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00625
Ramkrishna Adhikary 1 , Jörg Zimmermann 1 , Floyd E. Romesberg 1
Affiliation  

Vibrational spectroscopy provides a direct route to the physicochemical characterization of molecules. While both IR and Raman spectroscopy have been used for decades to provide detailed characterizations of small molecules, similar studies with proteins are largely precluded due to spectral congestion. However, the vibrational spectra of proteins do include a “transparent window”, between ∼1800 and ∼2500 cm–1, and progress is now being made to develop site-specifically incorporated carbon–deuterium (C–D), cyano (CN), thiocyanate (SCN), and azide (N3) “transparent window vibrational probes” that absorb within this window and report on their environment to facilitate the characterization of proteins with small molecule-like detail. This Review opens with a brief discussion of the advantages and limitations of conventional vibrational spectroscopy and then discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the different transparent window vibrational probes, methods by which they may be site-specifically incorporated into peptides and proteins, and the physicochemical properties they may be used to study, including electrostatics, stability and folding, hydrogen bonding, protonation, solvation, dynamics, and interactions with inhibitors. The use of the probes to vibrationally image proteins and other biomolecules within cells is also discussed. We then present four case studies, focused on ketosteroid isomerase, the SH3 domain, dihydrofolate reductase, and cytochrome c, where the transparent window vibrational probes have already been used to elucidate important aspects of protein structure and function. The Review concludes by highlighting the current challenges and future potential of using transparent window vibrational probes to understand the evolution and function of proteins and other biomolecules.

中文翻译:

透明窗口振动探针,用于表征具有高结构和时间分辨率的蛋白质

振动光谱法为分子的物理化学表征提供了直接途径。尽管红外光谱和拉曼光谱已被使用了数十年,以提供小分子的详细表征,但由于光谱拥塞,很大程度上排除了对蛋白质的类似研究。但是,蛋白质的振动光谱确实包含一个“透明窗口”,介于1800至2500 cm –1之间,现在正在开发特定于位点结合的碳氘(C-D),氰基(CN)的方法。 ,硫氰酸盐(SCN)和叠氮化物(N 3)“透明窗口振动探针”,该探针在该窗口内吸收并报告其环境,从而有助于表征具有小分子样细节的蛋白质。本文首先简要介绍了常规振动光谱法的优缺点,然后讨论了各种透明窗口振动探针的优缺点,可将它们定点结合到肽和蛋白质中的方法以及理化性质。它们可用于研究,包括静电,稳定性和折叠性,氢键,质子化,溶剂化,动力学以及与抑制剂的相互作用。还讨论了如何使用探针对细胞内的蛋白质和其他生物分子进行振动成像。然后,我们提出四个案例研究,c,其中透明窗口振动探针已用于阐明蛋白质结构和功能的重要方面。总结总结了使用透明窗口振动探针了解蛋白质和其他生物分子的进化和功能的当前挑战和未来潜力。
更新日期:2017-01-20
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