Abstract. Developing air quality management systems to control the impacts of air pollution requires reliable data. However, current initiatives do not provide datasets with large spatial and temporal resolutions for developing air pollution policies in Brazil. Here, we introduce the Brazilian Atmospheric Inventories (BRAIN), the first comprehensive database of air quality and its drivers in Brazil. BRAIN encompasses hourly datasets of meteorology, emissions, and air quality. The emissions dataset includes vehicular emissions derived from the Brazilian Vehicular Emissions Inventory Software (BRAVES), industrial emissions produced with local data from the Brazilian environmental agencies, biomass burning emissions from FINN – Fire INventory from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), and biogenic emissions from the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) (https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09858, Hoinaski et al., 2023a; https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09886, Hoinaski et al., 2023b). The meteorology dataset has been derived from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) (https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09857, Hoinaski and Will, 2023a; https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09885, Hoinaski and Will, 2023c). The air quality dataset contains the surface concentration of 216 air pollutants produced from coupling meteorological and emissions datasets with the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ) (https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09859, Hoinaski and Will, 2023b; https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09884, Hoinaski and Will, 2023d). We provide gridded data in two domains, one covering the Brazilian territory with 20×20 km spatial resolution and another covering southern Brazil with 4×4 km spatial resolution. This paper describes how the datasets were produced, their limitations, and their spatiotemporal features. To evaluate the quality of the database, we compare the air quality dataset with 244 air quality monitoring stations, providing the model's performance for each pollutant measured by the monitoring stations. We present a sample of the spatial variability of emissions, meteorology, and air quality in Brazil from 2019, revealing the hotspots of emissions and air pollution issues. By making BRAIN publicly available, we aim to provide the required data for developing air quality policies on municipal and state scales, especially for under-developed and data-scarce municipalities. We also envision that BRAIN has the potential to create new insights into and opportunities for air pollution research in Brazil.​​​​​​​

中文翻译：

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巴西大气清单 – BRAIN：巴西空气质量综合数据库

摘要。开发空气质量管理系统来控制空气污染的影响需要可靠的数据。然而，当前的举措并未为巴西制定空气污染政策提供具有大空间和时间分辨率的数据集。在这里，我们介绍巴西大气清单 (BRAIN)，这是巴西第一个空气质量及其驱动因素的综合数据库。 BRAIN 包含每小时的气象、排放和空气质量数据集。排放数据集包括来自巴西车辆排放清单软件 (BRAVES) 的车辆排放、根据巴西环境机构的本地数据产生的工业排放、来自国家大气研究中心 (NCAR) 的 FINN – 火灾清单的生物质燃烧排放，以及自然气体和气溶胶排放模型 (MEGAN) 的生物排放（https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09858，Hoinaski 等人，2023a；https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb。 09886，Hoinaski 等人，2023b)。气象数据集源自天气研究和预报模型 (WRF) (https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09857，Hoinaski 和 Will，2023a；https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09885 ，Hoinaski 和 Will，2023c)。空气质量数据集包含 216 种空气污染物的表面浓度，这些污染物是通过将气象和排放数据集与社区多尺度空气质量建模系统 (CMAQ) 相结合而产生的（https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09859，Hoinaski 和 Will，2023b ；https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.09884，Hoinaski 和 Will，2023d）。我们提供两个域的网格数据，一个域覆盖巴西领土，空间分辨率为 20×20 km，另一个域覆盖巴西南部，空间分辨率为 4×4 km。本文描述了数据集的生成方式、其局限性及其时空特征。为了评估数据库的质量，我们将空气质量数据集与 244 个空气质量监测站进行了比较，提供了监测站测量的每种污染物的模型性能。我们提供了 2019 年巴西排放、气象和空气质量空间变异的样本，揭示了排放和空气污染问题的热点。通过公开 BRAIN，我们的目标是提供制定市级和州级空气质量政策所需的数据，特别是对于欠发达和数据稀缺的城市。我们还预计 BRAIN 有潜力为巴西的空气污染研究带来新的见解和机会。​​​​​​​