Schwarzenbach, René - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich - Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences

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Prof. em. René Schwarzenbach is presently Associate Vice President for Sustainability at ETH Zurich and head and delegate of the steering board of the competence centre of environment and sustainability (CCES) of the ETH domain. He is also member of the university council of the University of Konstanz in Germany, and since 2008, he is a permanent guest of the scientific advisory board of the Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) in Leipzig, Germany. Until his retirement in January 2011, René P. Schwarzenbach was a full professor of Environmental Chemistry in the Department of Environmental Sciences (D-UWIS), presently the Department of Environmental Systems Science (D-USYS), at ETH Zurich. Between 2004 and 2010 he served as department head of D-UWIS. Between 2001 and 2010 he was also a scientific councilor and since 2006 president of division IV of the Swiss National Science Foundation. Born in December 1945, René Schwarzenbach earned his diploma degree in 1970 from the Chemistry Department at ETH Zurich where he also got his Ph.D. in 1973. He spent two postdoctoral years at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (USA). In 1977, he accepted a position at the EAWAG, where he headed the department for interdisciplinary limnological research for several years and also served on the board of directors until April 2005. In 1984, he completed his habilitation at ETH Zurich, where he was elected as full professor in 1989. In 1992, he was awarded the K?rber Prize, together with four colleagues from Germany, France and Switzerland. In 2000, he was elected as an original member of the ISI Highly Cited Researchers Database, and he won the SETAC Environmental Education Award in 2001 and the Award for "Creative Advances in Environmental Science and Technology" of the American Chemical Society in 2006. The research, teaching, and consulting activities of his group focused primarily on the distribution, fate and effects of organic pollutants in the natural environment. The research addressed fundamental chemical as well as multidisciplinary system-oriented aspects. In his teaching, he aims to build bridges between the molecular world and macroscopic systems. His textbook "Environmental Organic Chemistry" that he authored together with two colleagues from MIT and ETH Zurich, and that won the "Chemistry Book of the Year Award" of the Association of American Publishers in 1994, has established itself as the standard text in the field of environmental organic chemistry. The second, completely revised and expanded edition of the book has appeared in 2003. The third edition is planned to be published in 2013/14.

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Evaluation of Bioanalytical Assays for Toxicity Assessment and Mode of Toxic Action Classification of Reactive Chemicals Harder, Angela, Escher, Beate I., Landini, Paolo, Tobler, Nicole B. and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2003) The toxicity of electrophiles, including reactive organochlorines, epoxides, and compounds with an activated double bond was investigated. A set of different bioanalytical assays based on genetically modified Escherichia coli strains was set up quantify cytotoxicity and specific... Applicability and limitation of QSARs for the toxicity of electrophilic chemicals Harder, Angela, Escher, Beate I. and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2003) The appropriate selection and application of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for the prediction of toxicity is based on the prior assignment of a chemical to its mode of toxic action. This classification is often derived from structural characteristics with... Determination of the surface sorption properties of talc, different salts, and clay minerals at various relative humidities using adsorption data of a diverse set of organic vapors Goss, Kai Uwe, Buschmann, Johanna and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2003) Adsorption constants of a diverse set of organic vapors have been measured on NaCl, KNO3, (NH4)(2)SO4, NH4Cl, kaolinite, bentonite, and tale at different relative humidities at 15 degreesC. Together with the earlier studied quartz (SiO2), CaCO3, and alpha-Al2O3, these surfaces... Mechanistic approaches for evaluating the toxicity of reactive organochlorines and epoxides in green algae Niederer, Christian, Behra, Renata, Harder, Angela, Schwarzenbach, René P. and Escher, Beate I. (2004) Reactive electrophilic chemicals, such as reactive organochlorine compounds or epoxides, react specifically with a broad spectrum of nucleophilic biomolecules, including proteins and DNA. Conventional toxicity tests for algae, involving the observation of growth inhibition, i.e.,... Mechanistic approaches for evaluating the toxicity of reactive organochlorines and epoxides in green algae Niederer, Christian, Behra, Renata, Harder, Angela, Schwarzenbach, René P. and Escher, Beate I. (2004) Reactive electrophilic chemicals, such as reactive organochlorine compounds or epoxides, react specifically with a broad spectrum of nucleophilic biomolecules, including proteins and DNA. Conventional toxicity tests for algae, involving the observation of growth inhibition, i.e.,... Simultaneous assessment of sources, processes, and factors influencing herbicide losses to surface waters in a small agricultural catchment Leu, Christian, Singer, Heinz, Stamm, Christian, Müller, Stephan R. and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2004) To take appropriate measures to minimize agricultural herbicide inputs into surface waters, detailed knowledge is required about all the factors that control the losses of a given compound from point sources (i.e., farmyards) as well as from the diffuse sources (i.e., the fields)... Variability of herbicide losses from 13 fields to surface water within a small catchment after a controlled herbicide application Leu, Christian, Schwarzenbach, René P., Müller, Stephan R., Stamm, Christian and Singer, Heinz (2004) Diffuse losses from agricultural fields are a major input source for herbicides in surface waters. In this and in a companion paper,we present the results of a comprehensive field study aimed at assessing the overall loss dynamics of three model herbicides (i.e., atrazine,... Sorption of diverse organic vapors to snow Roth, Christine M., Goss, Kai-Uwe and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2004) Sorption from air to one snow sample has been measured for a broad set of organic vapors covering a wide range of physicochemical properties. Those results that could be compared to literature values mostly lay in the same order of magnitude. As expected, a fit with the vapor... Photodegradation of organic compounds adsorbed in porous mineral layers Ciani, Andrea, Goss, Kai-Uwe and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2005) Photodegradation is a key process in governing the residence time and fate of many agrochemicals in top soils. However, the basic knowledge of the photolytic transformation reactions of organic chemicals on soil surfaces is still very poor, particularly regarding the quantum yield.... Sorption of a Diverse Set of Organic Vapors To Diesel Soot and Road Tunnel Aerosols Roth, Christine M., Goss, Kai-Uwe and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2005) In a traffic-dominated environment sorption of organic pollutants to exhaust aerosols can strongly determine their further fate. The sorption properties of two aerosol samples representing different exhaust sources have been determined for a large set of diverse organic vapors. For... Sorption of a Diverse Set of Organic Vapors To Urban Aerosols Roth, Christine M., Goss, Kai-Uwe and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2005) Sorption to urban aerosols is a key process in determining the transport and fate of organic pollutants in the atmosphere. The sorption properties of two urban aerosol samples have been determined using aerosol/air partition coefficients measured for a large set of diverse organic... A new concept linking observable stable isotope fractionation to transformation pathways of organic pollutants Elsner, M., Zwank, L., Hunkeler, D. and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2005) Measuring stable isotope fractionation of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements by Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA) is a new, innovative approach to assess organic pollutant degradation in the environment. Central to this concept is the Rayleigh equation which relates... Determination of molar absorption coefficients of organic compounds adsorbed in porous media Ciani, Andrea, Goss, Kai-Uwe and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2005) The kinetics of direct photochemical transformations of organic compounds in light absorbing and scattering media has been sparsely investigated. This is mostly due to the experimental difficulties to assess the major parameters: light intensity in porous media, the reaction... Evaluation of a predictive model for air/surface adsorption equilibrium constants and enthalpies Arp, Hans Peter H., Goss, Kai-Uwe and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2006) A model used to predict equilibrium adsorption to surfaces using a poly-parameter linear free-energy relationship as well as an empirical model used to predict enthalpies of adsorption of volatile compounds were evaluated with new experimental data to cover semivolatile compounds... Reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by Fe(II) species associated with iron-rich smectites Hofstetter, Thomas B., Neumann, Anke and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2006) Reductive transformation reactions involving mineral-bound Fe2+ species are of great relevance for the fate of groundwater contaminants. For clay minerals, which are ubiquitously present in soils and sediments, the factors determining the reactivity of structural Fe2+ and... Coupling microbial Fe(III) oxide reduction and contaminant transformation Tobler, Nicole Beatrice, Hofstetter, Thomas B., Fontana, Daniela and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2006) Using kinetic isotope effects to assess abiotic reductive transformation of organic contaminants Hofstetter, Thomas B., Hartenbach, Akane, Berg, Michael and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2006) The Challenge of Micropollutants in Aquatic Systems Schwarzenbach, René P., Escher, Beate I., Fenner, Kathrin, Hofstetter, Thomas B., Johnson, C. Annette, Gunten, Urs von and Wehrli, Bernhard (2006) The increasing worldwide contamination of freshwater systems with thousands of industrial and natural chemical compounds is one of the key environmental problems facing humanity. Although most of these compounds are present at low concentrations, many of them raise considerable... Sorption equilibrium of a wide spectrum of organic vapors in Leonardite humic acid Niederer, Christian, Goss, Kai-Uwe and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2006) The environmental fate of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds is determined by their partitioning between air and soil constituents, in particular soil organic matter (SOM). While there are many studies on the partitioning of nonpolar compounds between water and SOM, data... Sorption equilibrium of a wide spectrum of organic vapors in Leonardite humic acid Niederer, Christian, Goss, Kai-Uwe and Schwarzenbach, René P. (2006) In a recent publication we presented experimental Leonardite humic acid/air partition coefficients for 188 polar and nonpolar organic compounds measured with one consistent method. In this paper these experimental data are evaluated with various model predictions. For the PcKocWIN...