Pharmacological Research publishes cutting-edge articles in biomedical sciences to cover a broad range of topics that move the pharmacological field forward. We provide a venue through which specialists across disciplines can rapidly exchange information in health sciences that pertains to modern pharmacological topics. The journal publishes articles on molecular, biochemical, translational, and clinical research (including clinical trials); it is proud of its rapid publication of accepted papers that comprises a dedicated, fast acceptance and publication track for high profile articles.
Invited and unsolicited review articles are welcome. 
Journal Sections 
Specific sections are dedicated to: 
The cardiovascular system:
CV disease therapy;
Signal transduction and receptor pharmacology in the CV system;
Target organs;
Clinical trials.
Neuroscience, including psychopharmacology, and neuroendocrinology:
Understanding of the central nervous system in physiological and pathological conditions;
Neuropharmacological and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory;
Therapeutic and diagnostic challenges for mental illness and neurodegerative diseases;
System biology.
Oncology:
Targeted cancer therapy;
Precision medicine and personalized therapy;
Signal transduction studies, as related to drug action;
Clinical trials.
Immunology (clinical and basic):
Immune and inflammatory mechanisms including target identification;
Immunotherapy and immunotoxicology;
Immunopathology;
Vaccines and adjuvants;
Treatment of infectious diseases.
Redox regulators and biological gases in pathophysiology:
Oxidative and nitrative stress and cell dysfunction;
Redox regulation of signal transduction in various diseases;
Pathophysiological roles of NO, CO and H2S;
Interaction between oxidants and gaseous mediators in health and disease;
Pharmacological modulators of oxidants, free radicals and gaseous transmitters.
Renal Pathophysiology and Pharmacology:
Acute and chronic kidney injury disease;
Metabolic alkalosis and metabolic acidosis in renal disease;
Renal excretion in electrolyte disorders;
Diabetes insipidus, Diabetic nephropathy;
Pathogenesis of glomerular disease;
End stage renal disease;
Prevention and treatment of nephrotic diseases.
Pregnancy Related Pharmacology and Perinatal Therapeutics:
Drug effects on the mother and foetus before and after birth;
Placental barrier and its relationship with drugs (transportation metabolism and so on);
Molecular signalling in placenta and identification of mechanisms beyond drug action in pregnancy;
Adverse effects of drugs drug/combination in placenta;
Drug repurposing/reprogramming for placenta-related disorders;
Regulatory aspects beyond clinical research in pregnant mothers;
Placenta remodelling in disease;
In vivo models of the diseased placenta;
The microbioma;
Effects of the environment on pregnancy;
Preventive vs therapeutic use of drugs.
Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacogenetics and Precision Medicine:
We are especially interested in GWAS studies and studies reporting pharmacogenetic data that are relevant in terms of safety and efficacy of drugs. They must provide insight into novel genomic or therapeutic associations that can help guide therapy selection or suggest new indications for established drugs. Studies can also provide details of exceptional responses in limited numbers of patients.
We also publish n=1 studies of exceptional responses, provided they are backed up by compelling genomic or experimental data.
Studies must include full clinical description of the case, along with details of the response and supporting molecular information. The molecular information should support the clinical observations and offer a definitive pharmacogenomic insight. Standard clinical sequencing assays (Foundation ONE, Genoptix etc) are only appropriate when the therapeutic or phenotypic response is novel. Ideally, the observational patient studies should be supported by lab based functional data.
Bioactive molecules derived from medicinal plants or natural products:
New, effective bioactive molecules;
Drug target identification;
Treatment mechanism;
Mechanism investigation with -omics and computational technologies;
Combinational therapy with natural products;
Multi-targeting and network pharmacology;
Herbal bioinformatics;
Precision medicine of natural products;
Evidenced-based research and clinical trials.
Studies reporting on plant extracts in which the active principle(s) has not been defined do not fall into the scope of this journal. Exceptions can be made for papers addressing the mechanisms of actions or the clinical applications of standardized herbal preparations. Clinical studies on commercially-available nutraceuticals are also taken into consideration. 
Rare diseases and orphan drugs, and drug repositioning 
We also publish articles focusing on:
Gastrointestinal and urogenital apparatuses when involving pharmacological issues;
Pharmacology of tissue repair/regeneration;
Pharmacology of aging;
Nutraceuticals (if relevant to human disease);
Pharmacoeconomy;
Pharmacoepidemiology.
We do not publish:
Papers reporting pharmacological activities of novel compounds if no proper controls with known substances are performed;
Bioequivalence studies or studies reporting only the pharmacokinetics profile of a compound;
Descriptive pharmacovigilance studies;
Single dose/concentration studies and those measuring only one endpoint.

Original articles
Review articles and meta-analyses
Opinion articles and Perspectives
Letters to the Editor

Editor-in-Chief
E. Clementi
University of Milan, Milano, Italy
Honorary Editors
Liang Liu
Chinese Academy of Engineering, China
Hua Zhou
Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
Associate Editors
Bioactive molecules derived from medicinal plants\natural products section
E.L.H. Leung
Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China Editor of reference for the People’s Republic of China
Cardiovascular Section
S.W. Watts
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
Immunology Section
P. Maffia
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
Neuroscience Section
T.M. Gao
Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Oncology Section
K.S.M. Smalley
H LEE MOFFITT CANCER CENTER AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE HOSPITAL, Tampa, Florida, United States
Statistical Editor
E. Biganzoli
University of Milan, Milano, Italy
Section Editors
Cell & Tissue Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders
P. Fiorina
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Dermatology and Skin Immunology
P. Di Meglio
King's College London, London, United Kingdom
Organ-systems Interactions in Pathophysiology
Vinicia Campana Biancardi
Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
Pregnancy-Related Pharmacology and Perinatal Therapeutics
S. Goulopoulou
University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
Pharmacology of the respiratory system
W.S.F Wong
National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Redox regulators and biological gases in pathophysiology
C. Szabó
University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
Renal Pathophysiology and Pharmacology
S. Chandra
Kearney, Nebraska, United States
Managing Editor
S. Radice
Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milano, Italy
Review Editor
R. Roskoski
Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, Horse Shoe, North Carolina, United States
Consulting Editors
N. Clere
Universite d'Angers, Angers, France
C. Ferreira Wenceslau
University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
X. Ke
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai, China
C. B. S. Lau
Chinese University of Hong Kong Institute of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong, China
B. Y. K. Law
Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
B. Li
Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
D. Liu
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Y. Liu
Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
Z. Liu
Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
S.M. Nabavi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
K.R.R. Rengasamy
Konkuk University Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Gwangjin-gu, Korea, Republic of
U. Sen
University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
G. Sethi
National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
X.Y. Shen
Fudan University Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai, China
J. Stanslas
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
J. Wang
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Beltsville, Maryland, United States
S. Xu
University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States
Z. Yu
Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
J. Zeng
Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
J. Zhang
Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Q. Zhang
Novartis AG, Utrecht, Netherlands
Q.-G. Zhou
Nanjing Medical University, School of Pharmacy/ Department of Clinical Pharmcology, Nanjing, China
Editorial Board Members
P. Balakumar
Sirsa, India
M. Banach
Lodz, Poland
J.H. Beijnen
Amsterdam, Netherlands
E. J. Belin de Chantemele
Augusta, Georgia, United States
P. Bernardi
Padova, Italy
H. Bito
Bunkyo-Ku, Japan
L. Brown
Toowoomba, Australia
B. Brüne
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
M.R. Bucci
Napoli, Italy
D. Butterfield
Lexington, Kentucky, United States
M. Campanella
Hatfield, United Kingdom
O. Cantoni
Urbino, Italy
A. Capuano
Napoli, Italy
E. Cerbai
Firenze, Italy
S. Chandra
Kearney, Nebraska, United States
J. Chen
Beijing, China
M.R. Dashwood
London, United Kingdom
Y. Dong
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
S. Engler
São Paulo, Brazil
X. X. Fan
Taipa, Macao, China
M. Feelisch
Southampton, United Kingdom
A. Genazzani
Novara, Italy
G. Grassia
Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
T.M. Hagen
Corvallis, Oregon, United States
Y.A. Hannun
Stony Brook, New York, United States
T. Hinton
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
A.G. Hohmann
Bloomington, Indiana, United States
J.S. Isenberg
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
D. Jane
Bristol, United Kingdom
R.N. Kolesnick
New York, New York, United States
Z. Kovacevic
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
H.M. Lam
Seattle, Washington, United States
F. Levi-Schaffer
Jerusalem, Israel
H. Lu
Shanghai, China
L.L. Lu
Guangzhou, China
A Lund
Denton, Texas, United States
M.C. Maiuri
Paris, France
A.M Manfredi
Milano, Italy
P. Marquet
Limoges, France
T. Matsumoto
Shinagawa-Ku, Japan
S. Milling
Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
R. Motterlini
Creteil, France
A. Mullick
Carlsbad, California, United States
M. Nikiforov
Buffalo, New York, United States
R. Nisticò
Roma, Italy
P. Osei-Owusu
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
H.D. Pan
Taipa, Macao, China
M. Park
Seongbuk-gu, Korea, Republic of
C. Patrono
Chieti, Italy
J. Peng
Dalian, China
C. Perrotta
Milano, Italy
D. Piomelli
Irvine, California, United States
J.J. Poderoso
Buenos Aires, Argentina
V. Raparelli
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
D. R. Richardson
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
C. Rockwell
East Lansing, Michigan, United States
F. Rossi
Napoli, Italy
F. Salvo
Bordeaux, France
F. Sanchez de Medina
Granada, Spain
V. Seybold
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
J. Skoda
Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
M.M. Teixeira
Belo Horizonte, Brazil
K. Thedieck
Groningen, Netherlands
A. Trask
Columbus, Ohio, United States
T. Van Gelder
Rotterdam, Netherlands
F. Visioli
Padova, Italy
W. Yao
Syracuse, New York, United States
Statistician
E. Lucenteforte
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy