Pawar, Samraat - Imperial College London - Department of Life Sciences, Biology, Ecology and Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Zoology

研究领域

METABOLISM, BIOMECHANICS AND INTERACTIONS All organisms live with two major constraints: their body size, and their body temperature. Both factors govern rates at which individuals gather and use energy (metabolic rate) and thus ultimately, population dynamics and evolutionary fitness. The effects of size and temperature are intimately related. Size influences an individual's ability to maintain stable metabolic temperature (thermoregulate). Temperature in turn, especially in ectotherms, elevates metabolic rate, which scales with body size.We study how body size and temperature together drive interactions between individuals, and what combinations of size and ecophysiological strategies can be successful in different environments. Interactions are important in this context because organismal fitness in the field is determined by consumers exploiting resources (e.g., predators and their prey), mutualists exchanging services (e.g., plants and their pollinators) and competition (e.g., interference among individuals while seeking food). POPULATION INTERACTION NETWORKS Scores of competitive, mutualistic, and consumer-resource interactions between organisms form the fabric of every ecosystem. Altogether, these interactions form large, complex networks that show interesting and sometimes unpredictable dynamics. Indeed, understanding how these complex systems arise and persist, and how they influence the fate of animals and plants embedded in them, is a fundamental problem that has occupied biologists for almost two centuries (e.g., see Darwin's gedankenexperiment about indirect interactions). We study how interaction network structure affects populations, and how community-level network structure in turn emerges from assembly of interacting pairs of populations. To quantify interactions, we use metabolic principles about effects of size- and temperature-mediated constraints on individuals. BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE All organisms live in an environment that varies thermally in space and time, ecologists have always sensed that climate plays a central role in driving ecological and evolutionary dynamics. For example, in the Origin of Species (1859), Darwin emphasizes that climatic fluctuations can interfere with natural selection by imposing physiological stress and destabilizing species interactions. An then, there is the small matter of unprecendented global climatic changes in climate (especially in temperature) currently taking place due to human activities. Building on our work on metabolism and biomechanics underlying species interactions, we study how short-term fluctuations as well as long term directional changes in environmental temperature affect biological systems, from individuals, interactions between individuals, to whole ecosystems.

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Pawar S, Dell AI, Savage VM, Knies JLet al., 2016, Real versus Artificial Variation in the Thermal Sensitivity of Biological Traits, AMERICAN NATURALIST, Vol: 187, Pages: E41-E52, ISSN: 0003-0147 Woodward G, Bonada N, Brown LE, Death RG, Durance I, Gray C, Hladyz S, Ledger ME, Milner AM, Ormerod SJ, Thompson RM, Pawar Set al., 2016, The effects of climatic fluctuations and extreme events on running water ecosystems, PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, Vol: 371, ISSN: 0962-8436 Gibert JP, Dell AI, DeLong JP, Pawar Set al., 2015, Scaling-up Trait Variation from Individuals to Ecosystems, Publisher: Elsevier, Pages: 1-17, ISBN: 9780124200029 Johnson LR, Ben-Horin T, Lafferty KD, McNally A, Mordecai E, Paaijmans KP, Pawar S, Ryan SJet al., 2015, Understanding uncertainty in temperature effects on vector-borne disease: a Bayesian approach, ECOLOGY, Vol: 96, Pages: 203-213, ISSN: 0012-9658 Pawar S, 2015, The Role of Body Size Variation in Community Assembly, Advances in Ecological Research, Vol: 52, Pages: 201-248 Pawar S, 2015, The role of body size variation in community assembly, Adv. Ecol. Res., Vol: 52 Pawar S, Dell AI, Savage VM, 2015, From metabolic constraints on individuals to the eco-evolutionary dynamics of ecosystems, Aquat. Funct. Biodivers. An Eco-Evolutionary Approach, Editors: Belgrano, Woodward, Jacob, Publisher: Elsevier, Pages: In Press-In Press Dell AI, Pawar S, Savage VM, 2014, Temperature dependence of trophic interactions are driven by asymmetry of species responses and foraging strategy., J Anim Ecol, Vol: 83, Pages: 70-84 Pawar S, 2014, Why are plant-pollinator networks nested?, SCIENCE, Vol: 345, Pages: 383-383, ISSN: 0036-8075 Tang S, Pawar S, Allesina S, 2014, Correlation between interaction strengths drives stability in large ecological networks., Ecol Lett, Vol: 17, Pages: 1094-1100 Dell AI, Pawar S, Savage VM, 2013, The thermal dependence of biological traits, Ecology, Vol: 94, Pages: 1205-1206, ISSN: 0012-9658 Johnson LR, Lafferty K, McNally A, Mordecai E, Paaijmans K, Pawar S, Ryan SJet al., 2013, Mapping the Distribution of Malaria: current methods and considerations, Infectious Disease Modelling, Hoboken, N.J., Publisher: Wiley-Interscience, Pages: In Press-In Press Mordecai EA, Paaijmans KP, Johnson LR, Balzer C, Ben-Horin T, de Moor E, McNally A, Pawar S, Ryan SJ, Smith TC, Lafferty KDet al., 2013, Optimal temperature for malaria transmission is dramatically lower than previously predicted., Ecol Lett, Vol: 16, Pages: 22-30 Pawar S, Dell AI, Van M Savage, 2013, Pawar et al. reply, Nature, Vol: 493, Pages: E2-E3, ISSN: 0028-0836 Pawar S, Dell AI, Savage VM, 2012, Dimensionality of consumer search space drives trophic interaction strengths., Nature, Vol: 486, Pages: 485-489 Dell AI, Pawar S, Savage VM, 2011, Systematic variation in the temperature dependence of physiological and ecological traits., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol: 108, Pages: 10591-10596 Pawar S, 2009, Community assembly, stability and signatures of dynamical constraints on food web structure., J Theor Biol, Vol: 259, Pages: 601-612 Pawar S, Koo MS, Kelley C, Ahmed MF, Chaudhuri S, Sarkay Set al., 2007, Conservation assessment and prioritization of areas in Northeast India: Priorities for amphibians and reptiles, BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION, Vol: 136, Pages: 346-361, ISSN: 0006-3207 Biswas S, Pawar SS, 2006, Phylogenetic tests of distribution patterns in South Asia: towards an integrative approach, Journal of Biosciences, Vol: 31, Pages: 95-113, ISSN: 0250-5991 Pawar SS, Birand AC, Ahmed MF, Sengupta S, Raman TRSet al., 2006, Conservation biogeography in North-east India: hierarchical analysis of cross-taxon distributional congruence, Diversity & Distributions, Vol: 0, Pages: 061117052025002-???, ISSN: 1366-9516