研究领域

Preventive Medicine, Metabolism

We are interested in examining the ability of exercise and diet to decrease body fat and to normalize metabolic syndrome factors such as insulin and inflammation. For example, we have shown that high intensity intermittent sprinting exercise (LifeSprints), compared to steady-state exercise, results in significant fat loss in women. We have also shown that LifeSprints reduces fasting insulin levels to a greater extent compared to steady state exercise. We are currently attempting to find out what mechanisms (e.g., EPOC, satiety hormones) underlie these LifeSprint-induced effects. A recently finished RCT called the FEM trial examined the effect of fish oils (F), LifeSprint exercise (E), and a Mediterranean eating plan (M) on fat loss and metabolic markers in overweight women, whereas an ongoing RCT called the DART trial is investigating the effects of LifeSprints on body composition of overweight men. We are also carrying out studies examining the fat oxidation and vascular effects of bioactive agents such as green tea. We are also interested in the effect of exercise and reactivity on health. Reactivity, which is typically measured by assessing autonomic and metabolic response, relates to how the body responds to psychological and physical challenge. For, example, research has shown that people at risk for hypertension and heart disease display exaggerated autonomic reactivity to psychological challenge. Ongoing studies are examining how these abnormal autonomic responses lead to vascular problems and hypertension. Impedance (cardiac output, cardiac contractility), beat-by-beat blood pressure, occlusion muscle blood flow, vascular resistance), baroreceptor sensitivity (body and neck chambers), vagal sensitivity, pulse wave analysis (arterial stiffness), metabolic cart (O2 uptake), and blood variables (e.g., catecholamines, glycerol, insulin, lactate, hemoglobin, HbA1c) are used in human subjects.

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Chandrakumar D; Boutcher SH; Boutcher YN, 2015, 'Acute exercise effects on vascular and autonomic function in overweight men', The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, vol. 55, no. 1-2, pp. 91 - 102 Gahreman D; Wang R; Boutcher Y; Boutcher S, 2015, 'Green tea, intermittent sprinting exercise, and fat oxidation', Nutrients, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 5646 - 5663, http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7075245 Dunn SL; Siu W; Freund J; Hboutcher S, 2014, 'The effect of a lifestyle intervention on metabolic health in young women', Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, vol. 7, pp. 437 - 444, http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S67845 Tan M; Fat RCM; Boutcher YN; Boutcher SH, 2014, 'Effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise on postprandial plasma triacylglycerol in sedentary young women', International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 110 - 118, http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0094 Heydari M; Boutcher YN; Boutcher SH, 2013, 'The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on cardiovascular response to mental and physical challenge', International Journal of Psychophysiology, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 141 - 146, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.11.013 Heydari M; Boutcher SH, 2013, 'Rating of perceived exertion after 12 weeks of high-intensity, intermittent sprinting', Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 340 - 351, http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/06.15.29.PMS.116.1.340-351 Boutcher SH; Park Y; Dunn SL; Boutcher YN, 2013, 'The relationship between cardiac autonomic function and maximal oxygen uptake response to high-intensity intermittent-exercise training', Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 1024 - 1029, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.762984 Heydari M; Freund J; Boutcher SH, 2012, 'The effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise on body composition of overweight young males', Journal of Obesity, vol. 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/480467 Goldberg MJ; Boutcher SH; Boutcher YN, 2012, 'The effect of 4 weeks of aerobic exercise on vascular and baroreflex function of young men with a family history of hypertension', Journal of Human Hypertension, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 644 - 649, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2011.95 Boutcher SH, 2011, 'High-intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss', Journal of Obesity, vol. 2011, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/868305 Boutcher YN; Hopp JP; Boutcher SH, 2011, 'Acute effect of a single bout of aerobic exercise on vascular and baroreflex function of young males with a family history of hypertension', Journal of Human Hypertension, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 311 - 319, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2010.62 Boutcher SH; Dunn SL; Gail Trapp E; Freund J, 2011, 'Regional adiposity distribution and insulin resistance in young Chinese and European Australian women', Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 653 - 657, http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365513.2011.618845 Boutcher SH; Dunn SL, 2009, 'Factors that may impede the weight loss response to exercise-based interventions', Obesity Reviews, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 671 - 680, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00621.x Boutcher YN; Park YJ; Boutcher SH, 2009, 'Vascular and baroreceptor abnormalities in young males with a family history of hypertension', European Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 107, no. 6, pp. 653 - 658, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1170-y Matuszek MA; Boutcher SH, 2008, 'Elevated levels of circulating cortisol in young normotensive adult men with a family history of hypertension', Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 280 - 286, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04823.x Trapp EG; Chisholm DJ; Freund J; Boutcher SH, 2008, 'The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women', International Journal of Obesity, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 684 - 691, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803781 Hamer M; Boutcher YN; Boutcher SH, 2007, 'Fatness is related to blunted vascular stress responsivity, independent of cardiorespiratory fitness in normal and overweight men', International Journal of Psychophysiology, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 251 - 257, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.11.002 Boutcher S, 2007, 'Fitness advice for everybody', Australian Doctor, no. 9/NOV., pp. 37 - 41 Trapp EG; Chisholm DJ; Boutcher SH, 2007, 'Metabolic response of trained and untrained women during high-intensity intermittent cycle exercise', American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, vol. 293, no. 6, http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00780.2006 Hamer M; Jones J; Boutcher SH, 2006, 'Acute exercise reduces vascular reactivity to mental challenge in offspring of hypertensive families', Journal of Hypertension, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 315 - 320, http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000200515.33194.38