Objective Risk management in sports aims to minimise injury and illness risks while optimising athlete performance through systematic identification, assessment and mitigation strategies. Existing frameworks offer theoretical guidance, but practical tools for consistent implementation are not available. Our objective was to develop, identify and evaluate the implementation feasibility of a practical

As sport and exercise medicine (SEM), researchers and practitioners strive to enhance athlete health and safety; they must include globally diverse perspectives in research too—this is essential for integrity, international relevance and impact. Yet, the voices of globally under-represented athletes and communities that support them (eg, diverse racial, sociocultural, religious, socioeconomic, language

The British Association of Sport & Exercise Medicine (BASEM) traces its origins to informal meetings more than 70 years ago1 and has grown to be the largest multidisciplinary sports medicine association in the UK. BASEM hosts high-profile annual conferences attracting large domestic and international audiences and was the founder of (and is still the co-owner of) the British Journal of Sports Medicine

The Female, Woman and/or Girl Athlete Injury pRevention (FAIR) Consensus scoping review identified 220 papers that included outcomes relating to dissemination and implementation (D&I) of injury prevention strategies for female/woman/girl athletes.1 While a helpful consolidation of existing evidence with clear recommendations for action, there remains a challenge: recommendations are not recipe cards

Para sport (ie, sport adapted for persons with a physical, sensory and/or intellectual disability) has seen remarkable growth in participation, popularity and social awareness in recent decades. One notable factor in this expansion is the considerable rise in female/women/girl (FWG) para athletes. At the most recent Summer Paralympics (Paris 2024), women accounted for 45% of all para athletes—the highest

Objectives To examine injury prevention strategies and potentially modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for upper extremity (UE) injuries in female, woman and/or girl athletes (female/woman/girl). Design Systematic review with meta-analysis, semiquantitative analyses and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews

Objective To synthesise evidence related to the dissemination and implementation (D&I) of injury prevention interventions for female, woman and/or girl (female/woman/girl) athletes. Design Scoping review. Data sources MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, Cochrane Databases for Systematic Review, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials Registry, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, ProQuest Dissertation and

Objective Optimal balances of sedentary behaviour, physical activity and sleep (collectively termed movement behaviours) for concussion management remain unknown. We sought to determine the optimal daily distribution of movement behaviours for reducing postconcussion symptom burden in children and adolescents. Methods This secondary analysis of the Paediatric Concussion Assessment of Rest and Exertion

The British Association of Sport & Exercise Medicine (BASEM) is the UK’s largest multiprofessional membership association. It has about 1200 members within the UK and internationally, spanning graduates and undergraduates from medicine, physiotherapy and many other disciplines. Having started from informal meetings in 1952, BASEM has grown considerably over the last 73 years to become a large international

Objective To assess the relationship between pincer morphology and incident radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) and study-specific subgroups. Methods Hips completely free of RHOA at baseline and with follow-up within 4–8 years were drawn from the World COACH consortium. The lateral centre edge angle (LCEA) was calculated uniformly on all baseline radiographs. Moderate pincer morphology was defined

Female, woman and girl sport has never been more visible,1 with full gender parity reached for the first time at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games, and record attendances set at the 2025’s European football championships and Rugby World Cup. Participation is surging from youth to senior levels, professionalism is accelerating and global audiences are catching up. Yet, as the fields, courts, pools and stadiums

Importance Aerobic exercise is an evidence-based treatment for depression. However, current exercise recommendations do not account for the limited functional capacity of patients with chronic illness and comorbid depression. Consequently, these recommendations risk being inappropriate and having low therapeutic application in this population. Objective To examine the dose-response relationship between

Objective This study aims to evaluate the quantification of heading in adult football (soccer) across practice, game and laboratory settings. Additionally, it examines how variables such as technical categorisation, ball properties, gender, position, level and type of play influence acceleration, force, nature and frequency of heading. Design A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred

Girls’ participation in sport is rising globally.1 2 Despite the immediate and long-term benefits of sport,3 injury rates in girls are some of the highest reported.4 5 Empirical evidence to support sport-related injury prevention efforts among girls is limited, particularly research that guides evidence-informed policies and programmes.6 Existing solutions are often based on boy-specific or combined

Injuries of the oblique abdominal muscles are uncommon in soccer. They occur more in sports that involve trunk rotation such as cricket and tennis.1 The external oblique muscle is the outermost abdominal wall muscle originating from the external surface of the lower eight ribs with muscle fascicles inserting onto the linea alba, the anterior half of the iliac crest and the pubic tubercle.2 The internal

In our recent review,1 we applied an evolutionary perspective to explore why exercise may never be effective medicine in practice, and we appreciate the questions raised by Zagury and Braga in support of exercise for the treatment of patients with diabetes.2 To be clear, we do not suggest that exercise is the ‘ugly duckling’ of diabetes treatment. On the contrary, we argued that it has high efficacy

A 30-year-old football player presented with a 10-day history of dorsolateral ankle pain following a low-velocity inversion and plantarflexion injury involving the left ankle. A complete examination of the ankle and foot was conducted which demonstrated swelling at the dorsolateral aspect of the foot. Rotational movements of the hindfoot and midfoot joints and inversion stress test caused pain but

Objectives Blood flow restriction (BFR) resistance training enhances muscle growth in restricted limbs, but its effects on non-restricted muscles remain unclear. This scoping review, accompanied by an evidence gap map, aims to systematically chart current literature on BFR’s impact on non-restricted muscles, summarise key outcomes and identify methodological trends to guide future research. Methods

Exercise has long been recognised as a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes and several other chronic conditions. However, concerns over adherence and real-world effectiveness often undermine its clinical application. Recent discussions, including the article ‘Why exercise may never be effective medicine: an evolutionary perspective on the efficacy vs effectiveness of exercise in treating

OBJECTIVE Sports-related sudden cardiac arrest (SR-SCA) is the leading cause of death in athletes during sports. The objective of this study was to review all available videos worldwide of SR-SCA to better understand presenting features, management and outcomes. METHODS A total of 48 recorded SR-SCA events were compiled through a multimedia search. Two investigators independently analysed videos

Arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation surgery (ASSS) is a common procedure for treating anterior shoulder instability. Postoperative rehabilitation remains a crucial, but under-researched, aspect of patient recovery. Despite its importance, no comprehensive rehabilitation guideline based on robust clinical trials has emerged, leaving a gap in evidence-based practice.To address this, the British Elbow

OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between the number of days per week achieving various daily step thresholds and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in older women. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 13 547 women free of CVD and cancer (mean age 71.8 years). We included participants who wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 consecutive days

Objective To describe the nationwide population of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured patients initially managed non-operatively, quantify the proportion undergoing delayed ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and describe both intraoperative findings and patient-reported outcomes. Methods Primary ACL injuries treated non-operatively were prospectively registered in the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register

A 17-year-old male professional volleyball player presented with acute medial elbow pain in the left arm after a forceful valgus load was applied to a flexed elbow during a match. The pain was severe enough for the athlete to stop playing. He reported worsening symptoms when receiving the ball on the volar forearm, with tenderness over the medial elbow. Conventional MRI examination at a 1.5T magnet

Objective Low energy availability (LEA) impairs musculoskeletal health, with emerging evidence of impaired neuromusculoskeletal adaptations to training. We aimed to synthesise the existing evidence examining neuromusculoskeletal responses to training stimuli among individuals with LEA. Design Systematic review (PROSPERO 603258). Data sources Six databases were searched on 4 November 2024 (total n=6399;

Statistical methods are employed in medical research to estimate effects of treatments or health conditions across populations.1 2 This paper presents a framework to avoid common misinterpretations that undermine clinical decision-making.1 3 A convention in scientific articles is to report three statistical results: a point estimate, a p value and an interval estimate usually called ‘CI’.2 3 A point

In Japan, the sports club calendar typically follows a year-round season. Each summer, schools and general club teams hold training camps in summer resorts for a few days to a week or two, participating in training sessions and tournaments. For rugby players, Sugadaira in Nagano prefecture is a popular training camp sanctuary. Each year, hundreds of thousands of athletes and spectators gather in Sugadaira

Breast health has only recently been formally acknowledged by the International Olympic Committee as a key domain of female athlete health, listing issues such as breast tenderness, pain, trauma and injury.1 Yet, breast injuries lack a standardised taxonomy for injury surveillance.2 Among these, contact breast injuries (CBIs) remain under-reported, under-recognised and under-represented in sports medicine

Objective To investigate the heading demands of elite footballers during training sessions using instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). Methods Methods followed the Consensus Head Acceleration Measure Practices guidelines. This prospective observational cohort study involved 52 elite male players from four clubs in the first and third tiers of English football, and 20 elite female football players from two

Objectives To evaluate the effects of brief bouts of exercise spread throughout the day, termed ‘exercise snacks’, on cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and cardiometabolic health outcomes in physically inactive adults and older adults (aged ≥65 years). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Seven databases were searched from inception to April 2025. Eligibility criteria Randomised

Visual dysfunction is common after a concussion. A prospective study reported that 79/113 (70%) of adolescents had concussion-related vision problems.1 Accommodative and convergence insufficiency were the most common.1 Both can be easily screened for, as recommended by best practices in national and international concussion guidelines.2 3 Convergence insufficiency is screened for by measuring the near

Objective To identify gender/sex-specific considerations to enhance anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture rehabilitation experiences and outcomes among women. Methods Mixed-methods concept mapping. 19 women 1–3 years post-ACL rupture and 28 rehabilitation practitioners (68% physiotherapists) who regularly treat women following ACL rupture brainstormed statements to a prompt (‘What factors should

Objectives Youth football players are vulnerable to apophyseal injuries, which can have long-term consequences for health and performance. The objective was to assess the incidence, severity and burden of apophyseal injuries among U9–U21 academy football players over two seasons. Methods Time-loss injuries and match/training exposure were tracked in male academy football players (U9–U21) from Premier

Adaptive and para sports have emerged as a powerful medium, giving para athletes a platform for empowerment, rehabilitation and social inclusion.1 As we increasingly appreciate their transformative impact, it is important to explore future directions in the field and incentivise innovation. While elite para sports may receive broader attention, at a recreational level, adaptive sports significantly

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of cryotherapy on pain intensity, range of motion (ROM), swelling and function in the postoperative care of musculoskeletal disorders. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis, with estimates presented as mean differences (MDs) or standardised MDs (SMDs) with 95% CIs. Effect sizes were interpreted according to the minimum clinically important difference

Objective The CONCUSS randomised clinical trial compared the effectiveness of immediate office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with movement (OBVAM) to delayed therapy for the treatment of concussion-related convergence insufficiency (CONC-CI) in participants 11–25 years old with persisting postconcussive symptoms 4–24 weeks post injury. Methods Symptomatic CONC-CI was diagnosed using clinical

Objective MRI screening is increasingly used in elite cricket to support the early detection of lumbar bone stress injuries (LBSIs). However, its impact on injury outcomes and career trajectories remains unclear. This study evaluated short-term and long-term outcomes from LBSI in young male fast bowlers, comparing injuries detected through MRI screening with those detected clinically. Methods This

In 2025, Netherlands celebrates 60 years of organised sports medicine. What began as peripheral support for athletes has evolved into a formally recognised clinical specialty that now shapes public health, elite performance and clinical innovation. This BJSM special issue marks that milestone and highlights the full breadth of sports medicine today. The Netherlands Association of Sports Medicine (Vereniging

> ‘The idea of building is function and only function. Form is the result of the function’. (Hannes Meyer, Bauhaus director 1928–1930) Sports and Exercise Medicine Switzerland partners for the second time with the Swiss Sports Physiotherapy Association (SSPA) to hold a joint national conference on 30 and 31 October 2025 in Lausanne. We bring together an elite group of international speakers to explore

In 2025, the Netherlands celebrates 60 years of organised sports medicine. What began as peripheral support for athletes has evolved into a formally recognised medical specialty with academic and clinical depth. National full recognition as a clinical specialty in 2014 and European recognition in 2024 by the Union Européenne des Médecins Spécialistes (UEMS) mark key milestones. This editorial reflects

Sports participation reportedly drops from 45% among children aged 5–14 to just 12% among 20–24 year-olds,1 despite well-documented benefits. This limits opportunities for children to develop confidence, resilience and social skills, while potentially increasing mental health risks.2 To counter this, extensive literature and national strategies emphasise the need to enhance the quality of sport experiences

Objective To describe the proposed biomedical effect mechanisms in research on exercise-based injury prevention programmes in football (soccer) and handball. Design Scoping review of randomised controlled trials (RCT), cohort studies and case studies. Data sources MEDLINE via PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched from 2000 to 2024. Eligibility criteria Studies were included

The prevalence of depression is increasing, with 290 185 742 people with a documented depression globally in 2019.1 People with depression experience a significantly increased risk of numerous physical diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and heart failure, among others.2 Traditionally, the primary treatment modalities for depression include antidepressants and psychotherapy. While

The convergence of geroscience and physical activity research has sharpened the focus on healthspan—the years of life lived in good health, free from functional limitations, chronic disease or disability.1 As illustrated in figure 1, this period extends until an initial decline in functional capacity. While medical advances may extend lifespan, they can also prolong the period of disease and disability

Objective To investigate global cardiac screening practices among elite male and female football players. Methods We surveyed all 211 FIFA Member Associations (MAs) between February and July 2024 using a 21-point questionnaire. Results A total of 165/211 (78%) MAs completed the survey. Cardiac screening was recommended or mandated by 81% (134/165) of responding MAs, with a variation between FIFA Confederations

Objective To determine if two-dimensional (2D) video-based angular measurements obtained during dynamic tasks predict secondary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in female athletes post-ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Methods Female athletes post-ACLR underwent 2D video assessment during six tasks (step down, drop jump, lateral shuffle, deceleration, triple hop and side-step-cut) before returning

My PhD provided knowledge on the motor control of fast lower limb movements and determined the role of movement rate and the associated brain and muscle activity on football hamstring strain injuries. I measured movement rate, as well as brain and muscle activity, during a maximum-speed repetitive knee flexion-extension task in footballers with and without hamstring strain injury history. To determine

To assess the level of agreement among experts on the heel raise exercise parameters that influence midportion and insertional Achilles tendinopathy (AT) rehabilitation outcomes. An international expert panel in AT rehabilitation was invited to complete a three-round Delphi survey. In the first two rounds, experts were asked to review a pregenerated list of exercise parameters (based on the heel raise

Depression affects approximately 280 million people worldwide, with annually increasing prevalence. Depression constitutes a substantial global health burden and is a leading contributor to disability, premature mortality and suicide.1 Cognitive dysfunction represents a prominent clinical feature of depression, with approximately two-thirds of depressive populations exhibiting deficits across multiple

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is one of the most common modes of death in young people1 and the most common in those participating in sport.2 3 In response to this, the Resuscitation Council UK recently published their best practice guideline for resuscitation on the field of play,3 which requires further adaption to the specific demands and settings of individual sports. Indeed, a sport such as sailing

To (1) systematically review the literature to identify which match-related risk factors and mechanisms of rugby tackle events result in musculoskeletal injury, concussion, head injury assessments, and head impacts or head accelerations; and (2) identify the perceived importance and feasibility of potential intervention strategies for tackle-related injury reduction in the rugby codes. A systematic

Objectives To determine the effect on participation attendance (being there) and involvement (experience of participation) compared with usual activities of a community gym-based physical activity intervention ( FitSkills ) for young people with disability. Methods An assessor-blinded stepped wedge cluster randomised trial was completed involving 163 participants with self-identified disability (61

“That simply does not capture it,” my college best friend explained to an acquaintance after I had said I love to swim. “If Lizzy aces an exam, she swims to celebrate. When Lizzy is sad, she swims to cheer up. If she has a fever, Lizzy swims for reasons I don’t get. She swims when it is sunny, rainy or snowing. It is part of who she is.” I remembered this exchange as I jumped into the pool for the

The global mobile gaming market has exploded to over 3 billion users worldwide, with average daily playing times exceeding 2–3 hours.1 This digital entertainment revolution has inadvertently created a new clinical entity that clinicians are increasingly encountering (ie, ‘gamer’s thumb’), which can be classified as a specific pattern of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis—directly attributed to prolonged mobile

Objective This study aimed to identify, map and provide insight into the potential outcomes former elite-level women’s gymnasts associate with their history of interpersonal violence (IV). Methods The study used a trauma-informed qualitative approach. The sample criterion was women’s gymnasts, who had spoken out about IV through social and/or traditional media since the release of the documentary Athlete

Once a person skilled in sport, I suffered a right knee posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear during a basketball game. This severe injury plunged me into a low point in my sport journey. Through years of reflection, I gained a renewed perspective on sports and rehabilitation, ultimately reigniting my passion for movement. From a young age, I excelled on the track, winning medals in 100-metre and