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Inter-Urban Alliances and the Archives of Legitimacy in the Southern Low Countries, 1250–1450 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-09-14 Ron Mordechai Makleff
By the thirteenth century, confederations of communes in western Europe were claiming important legal, political and military prerogatives for themselves in written charters of inter-urban alliance. Scholars have seen these alliances as a tool of the emerging economic elite or as forces of resistance to the sovereign territorial state taking shape in the late Middle Ages. To understand alternatives
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Needed but Deplored: Spinners and Singlewomen in Industrial Coventry, c.1490–1525 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-09-08 Judith M Bennett
Late medieval Coventry attracted so many in-migrating singlewomen that it might have seemed a city of women — for every ten women, only seven men. Some of these peasants-turned-townswomen supported themselves as labourers, domestic servants or prostitutes, but it was the demand for their industrial labour as spinners of cloth-yarn and cap-yarn that drew most women to the city. Coventry’s merchants
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Electoral Violence in England and Wales, 1832–1914 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-08-07 Luke Blaxill, Gidon Cohen, Gary Hutchison, Patrick M Kuhn, Nick Vivyan
This article analyses over 19,000 articles from newspapers and parliamentary commission reports to reveal endemic electoral violence in England and Wales between 1832 and 1914. It offers a new understanding of the phenomenon in three main ways. First, the extent of election violence, which regularly featured major riots requiring police and military intervention, disturbances of the peace, and deaths
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‘Natural’ disasters, ignorance, and the mirage of Italian settler colonialism in late nineteenth-century Africa Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-08-04 Angelo Matteo Caglioti
This article places the origins of Italian settler colonialism and its defeat in the battle of Adwa (1896) in the global perspective of the environmental history of European imperialism. It argues that the Italian project to turn the highlands of the Horn of Africa into a settler colony was an “imperial mirage”: the perception that the momentarily depopulated landscape of Ethiopia, produced by “natural”
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State, crime and violence in Mexico, 1920–2000: Arbiters of impunity, agents of coercion Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-27 Tom Long, Benjamin T Smith
The nature of the relationships among the Mexican state, organized crime and violence is much debated. Many accounts of state formation suggest that states increase their extractive and coercive capabilities in tandem: they monopolize the provision of ‘protection’ in Charles Tilly’s famous analogy. However, when unconsolidated states confront lucrative, illicit markets, state-building takes an unexpected
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Seigneurial predation in the late medieval feud Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-27 Tristan W Sharp
This article challenges the ‘from-lordship-to-government’ model of the grand narrative of European state formation through a reconceptualization of the late medieval German feud and lordship (1300–1500). It demonstrates how the predatory lordship of the feudal revolution persisted in late medieval imperial lands by centring on how modalities of extractive violence linked the lordly feud and lordship
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Intellectual Journeys towards Emotions: A Conversation among Feminist Scholars Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-25 Rukmini Barua, Stephanie Lämmert, Esra Sarıoğlu, Julia Wambach
This Viewpoint contribution considers the recent turn to emotion and affect in the humanities and the social sciences. We present here a conversation between four scholars of gender, Ute Frevert, Chitra Joshi, Lynn M. Thomas and Valerie Walkerdine, reflecting on their personal intellectual trajectories. In their discussion, they examine how, when and why they began to explore the analytical potential
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‘Pirates’, Potentates, and Merchant Petitioning in the Early Nineteenth Century Straits Settlements Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 Scott Connors
In the nineteenth century Straits of Malacca, one of the globe’s most significant trading crossroads, merchants were integral to imperial stability and growth. Indeed, historians of the British empire have long sought to understand how colonial governments turned to merchants, both British and Asian, to extend commercial networks, establish local hierarchies and extend processes of state-building.
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Liquor Rations and Labour Management in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-07-22 Christopher M Florio
A striking yet underexamined system of labour management circulated between land and sea in the nineteenth-century Atlantic world: the use of liquor rations to stimulate worker productivity. Turning to the British naval warship and the American slave plantation, this article depicts how labour supervisors in both settings relied on carefully regulated quantities of alcohol to extract more labour from
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The making of towns, the making of polities: Towns and lords in late medieval Europe Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Christian D Liddy
The relationship between towns and lords was fundamental both to the making of towns and to the making of polities in the late Middle Ages. The European literature on state growth has led historians to focus on the role of towns in historicizing narratives of state formation and national exceptionalism. These different narratives have depended on urban typologies that emphasize the importance of the
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Ecology and Colonialism in Late Chosŏn Korea: Ullŭngdo, 1882–1905 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Will Sack
In the late nineteenth century, the Chosŏn state, which ruled the Korean peninsula from 1392 to 1910, moved settlers, animals and crops to the isolated oceanic island (do) of Ullŭng, displacing or killing the indigenous people, animals and possibly plant species living there. Having first sent observers to investigate Japanese settler colonialism in Hokkaido, the Chosŏn court accurately replicated
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Property and the End of Empire in International Zones, 1919–1947 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-24 Anna Ross
At the end of the First World War, defeated European empires ceded a wealth of imperial patronage, including palaces, government buildings and offices, to newly forming states in central Europe. While we know a great deal about these property transfers, the fate of ceded property in mandates and other newly emerging sovereign spaces, such as international zones, is less well known. This article traces
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All That Is Solid Bursts into Flame: Capitalism and Fire in the Nineteenth-Century United States Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Daniel Immerwahr
Industrial capitalism arrived in Europe as great urban fires were already retreating. The United States, however, was generously timbered and far more reliant on wooden construction. As a result, its infernos continued, and even increased, well into its age of capital. They especially struck places of intense commodification: hastily built settler towns, slave cities, financial centres and sites of
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From Surveying to Surveillance: Maritime Cartography and Naval (Self-)Tracking in the Long Nineteenth Century Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Sara Caputo
In the eighteenth century, ‘ship tracks’, lines recording vessels’ movements on charts, facilitated wayfinding, hydrographical surveys and territorial claims. During the long nineteenth century, however, their main function shifted from surveying of the marine environment to surveillance of officers’ movements and actions. Using textual and cartographical sources produced by British naval officers
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Tokyo in Tashkent: The Afro-Asian Writers Association and Japanese Cold War Dissent Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Christopher L Hill
In October 1958, seven Japanese writers attended the first great cultural event of the Bandung era, the week-long Afro-Asian Writers Conference held in Tashkent, the capital of Soviet Uzbekistan. The ‘literary Bandung’ resulted in the creation of the Afro-Asian Writers Association (AAWA), a source of growing interest among historians of anti-colonialism for the institutions it founded to support a
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Veiling and Head-Covering in Late Antiquity: Between Ideology, Aesthetics and Practicality Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Grace Stafford
In Late Antiquity, as today, women’s veiling was a contentious topic. Early Christian churchmen wrote about it at length, exhorting women to cover and criticizing those they considered were not veiling appropriately. According to these writers, veils were an essential garment tied to Christian modesty and religious ideas about female submission to male authority. Modern scholarship has tended to side
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The Global Rise of the British Property Development Sector, 1945–1975 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Alistair Kefford
In the three decades after 1945 the British property development sector exploded in size and began operating on a worldwide scale. The largest property companies in the world were British in this era and they built office blocks, shopping centres and hotels in cities all over the world. These overseas property developments overlapped firmly with the pre-existing political and economic geographies of
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Peasant Productivity and Welfare in the Middle Ages and Beyond Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 John Hatcher
Driven by the quality of sources rather than their representativeness, the history of English agriculture has been written primarily from the perspective of well-documented large farms to the neglect of smallholders and cottagers who for centuries cultivated the greater part of the nation’s farmland but left scant records. The superb series recording the mediocre and low crop yields of the expansive
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The death of ‘traditional’ charivari and the invention of pot-banging in Spain, c .1960–2020 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Matthew Kerry
Banging together pots and pans has become established as a common protest technique in Spain and across the world. Pot-banging can be linked to charivari: a centuries-old, Europe-wide, nuptial practice that subjected a marrying couple to mocking moral critique, which was also adapted for political ends. This article, however, distinguishes between nuptial charivari (the cencerrada) and recent political
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The Indian Muslim Salariat and The Moral and Political Economies of Usury Laws in Colonial India, 1855–1914 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Michael O’Sullivan
This article examines the long-term response of the Indian Muslim salariat to the lifting of usury laws in British India in 1855. The salariat were a group of urban professionals and landed gentry in north India who emerged after the uprising of 1857. They espoused a self-conscious brand of Islamic modernism, a central feature of which was a reinterpretation of Islamic traditions pertaining to ‘rent
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The Disenchantment of Chiromancy: Reading Modern Hands from Palmistry to Genetics Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Alison Bashford
We might expect chiromancy in the modern period to be analysed best within the well-known late nineteenth-century occult revival. The specific practice of palmistry, as it happens, is minimally examined in that historiographical context. Yet the purpose here is not to reinstate palmistry into our already extensive understanding of an Anglo-American modern occult, but to show how other readers of hands
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A Work Out of Time: Religion and the Decline of Magic at Fifty Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Jan Machielsen, Michelle Pfeffer
The year 2021 marked the fiftieth anniversary of Keith Thomas’s Religion and the Decline of Magic (1971), a book that set the agenda for decades of scholarship on the history of popular religion and supernatural beliefs. The book brought to life a lost world of early modern English magic, its success ultimately confirming popular beliefs and practices as respectable objects of historical study. This
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Solitude and Soul in Restoration Britain Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Barbara Taylor
In 1672 John Evelyn, Restoration courtier, diarist and polymath, formed a platonic soul union with Margaret Blagge (later Godolphin), a young maid of honour in Queen Catherine’s household. Both were devout Anglicans whose religious practices were shaped by their love of ‘recesse’. For four years they enacted a spiritual solitude à deux in an emotionally charged relationship lived out through private
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The National Negro Business League and the Economic Life of Black Entrepreneurs Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Ronny Regev
This article uses the records of the National Negro Business League (NNBL) to examine the economic life and experiences of African American entrepreneurs between 1900 and 1920. Often referred to as the ‘golden age’ of Black business, this era saw the proliferation of African American owned businesses, despite the increase in discrimination and racial persecution that had characterized the United States
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Assembling India’s Constitution: Towards a New History Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Rohit De, Ornit Shani
The framing of India’s constitution was a critical event in the global history of both constitution-making and democracy. Conventionally it has been analysed as a founding moment. Its success against multiple odds has been explained as resulting from a vision and consensus among the elite over what would become a pedagogical text for an ‘ignorant’ and undemocratic public. This focus among academics
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Gold Rushes, Universities and Globalization, 1840–1910 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Caitlin Harvey
This article examines a set of public universities that opened after 1848 across California, Australasia, South Africa and Canada. It argues that these institutions, termed the ‘goldfield foundations’, owed the speed of their formation, if not their existence, to the period’s global gold and mineral rushes. During the first capital-intensive years of university development, new mineral wealth added
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Petition and response as social process: Royal power, justice and the people in late medieval Castile ( c.1474–1504) Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Yanay Israeli
This article analyses the petition and response process in late medieval Castile, focusing on petitions of grievance submitted to the Royal Council during the reign of Isabel I and Fernando II (r.1474–1504). Studies published in recent decades have revised our understanding of petitionary practices and their significance to systems of governance in medieval and early modern Europe. One persistent gap
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Electricity, Agency and Class in Lagos Colony, C.1860s–1914 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Adewumi Damilola Adebayo
European states gradually established colonial rule in Africa between the mid nineteenth century and the beginning of the First World War. Historians have assessed the infrastructure introduced during this period through the lens of colonial state-building and resource extraction. This article offers another perspective by reconstructing the early history of electrification in Lagos Colony, one of
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Machines in the Hands of Capitalists: Power and Profit in Late Eighteenth-Century Cornish Copper Mines Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-02-17 Mary O’Sullivan
In the inaugural issue of Past and Present, Eric Hobsbawm cautioned historians against the assumption that a capitalist economy has an inherent tendency to cost-saving and technological innovation, emphasizing that ‘It has a bias only towards profit’. Inspired by Hobsbawm, this article shows how a history of profit can elucidate the economic and social history of machines. Beginning with miners’ protests
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Astrology, plague, and prognostication in early modern England: A forgotten chapter in the history of public health Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-02-17 Michelle Pfeffer
The ability to foresee the outbreak of epidemic disease, and to predict its course, is a highly coveted skill. Most often associated with statistical techniques, such efforts to improve the health of communities are thought to be exclusively modern. Public health more generally is often said to be categorically distinct from pre-modern medicine, which was interested above all in individual patients
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By whom were early Christians persecuted? Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2023-01-10 James Corke-Webster
This article offers a new approach to the study of the persecution of the early Christians. Past scholarship on this topic has offered explanations built around inter-religious animosity, which are here exposed as the inevitable result of unquestioned assumptions about those responsible. It offers instead a hypothesis that the driving agency for the violence Christians suffered came from their immediate
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Conflicting Narratives: Health (Dis)information in Eighteenth-Century Italy Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Giulia Delogu
This chapter analyzes a series of interconnected Italian cases in its enquiry into how disinformation was created, and how it impacted on society. It argues that disinformation is an inherent element of information itself. Disinformation is understood here as an intentional construction of fictional and often conflicting narratives, helpful in times of crisis and also in routine governance in the pursuit
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Libel in the Provinces: Disinformation and ‘Disreputation’ in Early Modern England Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Clare Egan
By the early modern period, libelling a private individual had been legally redefined and was being tried at the court of Star Chamber, alongside cases relating to the monarch or government. This brought the ruination of individual reputations by spreading false rumours into the same realm as the circulation of nationally significant false news. Private libels typically took the form of verses, impersonations
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Inventing Free Speech: Politics, Liberty and Print in Eighteenth-Century England Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Fara Dabhoiwala
Our modern concept of political free speech as an individual political right was first elaborated in detail three hundred years ago by two London journalists, Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard, in their best-selling, endlessly reprinted, anonymous newspaper column, known as ‘Cato’s Letters’ (1720–23). As is well known, Cato’s novel ideas about speech and press freedom proved hugely influential, especially
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Novelty, Disinformation and Discrimination in Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptameron (1559) and Sixteenth-Century French News Culture Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Emily Butterworth
This chapter explores the intersection between two different kinds of nouvelle: on the one hand, a piece of news; and on the other, a literary genre, the novella. Both senses were current in the early sixteenth century when Marguerite de Navarre, the sister of the French king François I, wrote the collection of novellas now known as the Heptameron. Developing its model, Boccaccio’s Decameron, the Heptameron
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Caravaggio’s Rumore: Fact, Fiction and Authority in Giovanni Baglione’s Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Frances Gage
Since its publication in 1642, Giovanni Baglione’s Lives of the Painters, Sculptors and Architects from the Pontificate of Gregory XIII of 1572 until the times of Pope Urban VIII in 1642, has been classified as either largely factual or obviously biased, a reflection of the culture of slander in early modern Rome. Definitions of what constituted textual ‘truth’ have changed dramatically since Baglione
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Fiction and Disinformation in Early Modern Europe: An Introduction Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Emma Claussen, Luca Zenobi
This chapter introduces the reader to the world of fiction and disinformation in early modern Europe. It starts by placing fiction and disinformation in the context of wider trends and developments, while also drawing a parallel between present practices and concerns and those of the early modern period (Section I). The chapter then surveys existing scholarship on these themes, highlighting the novelty
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A ‘Fiction of the Mind’: Imagination and Idolatry in Early Modern England Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Barret Reiter
This chapter examines the conceptualization of Catholic liturgical practices within the Protestant anti-Catholic polemics of early modern England. I argue that, insofar as Protestants typically glossed such practices as ‘idolatry’, and thus, as the worship of a false god, Protestants explicitly accused Catholics of falling victim to the deceptive tendencies of their imaginations. Hence, for English
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Rhetorical Strategies and the Manipulation of Discourse in Machiavelli’s Writings Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Chiara De Caprio, Andrea Salvo Rossi
This chapter sheds light on the narrative strategies and techniques involving reported speech in Machiavelli’s diplomatic records and historical writings. The focus is on the diplomatic correspondence of his 1502 mission to Cesare Borgia and on his Discourses on Livy. Analysis of the rhetorical devices that Machiavelli uses to report his own words and those of others shows that his letters and the
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Archiving Faith: Record-Keeping and Catholic Community Formation in Eighteenth-Century Mesopotamia Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-04-08 Lucy Parker,Rosie Maxton
Abstract This article investigates the archiving practices of a little-known group of Catholics in the Ottoman Empire, the Diyarbakır Chaldeans, in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It argues for a flexible definition of archives, based not on traditional characteristics such as links to a defined institutional repository, but on their purpose of community formation. The loose institutional
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‘Where Are the Proxenoi?’ Social Network Analysis, Connectivity and the Greek Poleis Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-03-26 William Mack
Abstract The aim of this article is to establish a new basis for exploring the network of ancient Greek city-states during the Classical and Hellenistic periods by applying Social Network Analysis to the record of inscriptions recording grants of proxeny. Proxeny was a generalized institution for facilitating interactions between Greek political communities. Because it left a rich and idiosyncratic
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Out of the East (or North or South): A Response to Philip Slavin Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-03-09 Monica H Green
Abstract This article responds to Philip Slavin’s ‘Out of the West: Formation of a Permanent Plague Reservoir in South-Central Germany (1349–1356) and Its Implications’. Genetics has transformed the study of plague, one of the most lethal diseases in human history. But this technically demanding science raises questions of what constitutes valid evidence and supportable argument when examining historical
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Frontiers of Civilization in the Age of Mass Migration from Eastern Europe* Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-02-21 Florea C.
AbstractBetween the 1870s and 1914, tens of thousands of peasants left Austria-Hungary’s easternmost provinces of Galicia and Bukovina, heading for the Americas. This article places this episode in the context of contemporary global labour migrations while also emphasizing the distinctive characteristics of this mass exodus. Unlike most migrants around the world, Galicians and Bukovinans emigrated
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Erratum to: The Christian Anti-Torture Movement and the Politics of Conscience in France Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2022-01-27
In the originally published version of this manuscript (https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtab025), the author's name was erroneously given in the HTML as ‘M Rachel'.
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Ottoman and Egyptian Quarantines and European Debates on Plague in the 1830s–1840s* Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-11-13 Hamed-Troyansky V.
AbstractIn the 1830s, plague, which had been all but forgotten by most Europeans, was on everyone’s lips again. Shortly after the Ottoman and Egyptian governments instituted their first permanent quarantines, the disease broke out in the Levant and the Nile delta, and the global medical community watched anxiously to see whether these new western Mediterranean-style quarantines would be able to contain
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Switzerland, Borneo and the Dutch Indies: Towards a New Imperial History of Europe, c.1770–1850 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-12-18 Bernhard C Schär
When Switzerland was created in 1848, one of its founding fathers went by the name of ‘Borneo Louis’. Before becoming a Swiss state builder, he had served as a mercenary in the Dutch East Indies. There he had founded a family with his native ‘housekeeper’, Silla. In Switzerland, he continued to benefit from Silla’s exploited labour. Stories such as these seem unusual today, not for historical but for
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Water, Fish and Property in Colonial India, 1860–1890 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 Devika Shankar
Almost exactly a hundred years after the Permanent Settlement of 1793 revolutionized property relations in Bengal, a far less studied legislation would subtly extend the rule of property to include the province’s waters. Bengal’s Private Fisheries Protection Act 1889, which is usually regarded as having been motivated by conservationist or economic concerns, was in fact an attempt to resolve intractable
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Papering Over Protest: Contentious Politics and Archival Suppression in Early Modern Venice Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-11-23 Maartje van Gelder, Filippo de Vivo
This article studies the intertwined processes of popular protest and archival suppression in early modern Venice. It concentrates on a cycle of contention extending over several months in 1569, including a labour protest that started among the workers of the state shipyard and turned into a large revolt, anonymous placards and food riots. Such was the extent of the unrest that a major explosion in
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Forbidden Love in Istanbul: Patterns of Male–Male Sexual Relations in the Early-Modern Mediterranean World Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-11-23 Noel Malcolm
West European visitors to the Ottoman Empire in the early-modern period frequently referred to sodomy. They depicted it as a common practice there, associated particularly with ‘renegades’ (converts to Islam). The report of an investigation into a sexual scandal at the Venetian embassy in Istanbul in 1588, discussed here, shows special sensitivity to this issue. Historians generally discount the comments
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Aliens in a Revolutionary World: Refugees, Migration Control and Subjecthood in the British Atlantic, 1790s–1820s Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-11-22 Jan C Jansen
Abstract During the political and military upheavals between the 1770s and 1820s, societies and states across the Atlantic world grappled with intricate issues of political belonging and sovereignty. Along with the rise of new concepts of national citizenship, older concepts of monarchical or imperial subjecthood underwent fundamental changes. While scholars tend to ascribe these transformations to
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Cotton Textiles and the Industrial Revolution in a Global Context Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-11-20 Giorgio Riello
Abstract In recent decades, economic historians have revisited the Industrial Revolution in a global context. Their interpretations rely mostly on comparative methods. This article shows instead that there is a profound and significant relationship between industrialization and global exchange, and that consumption of cotton textiles was central to such a relationship. Yet, historians should not consider
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Hyakushō in the Arafura Zone: Ecologizing the Nineteenth-Century ‘Opening of Japan’ Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-11-08 Manimporok Dotulong
In the 1880s, ordinary fishers and other commoners who were intimately familiar with the seas left the Japanese archipelago in search of bluer waters. Ending up in South-East Asia and Australasia, these hyakushō used their local knowledge of nature to navigate unfamiliar ecological contexts and create ocean-spanning infrastructures capable of facilitating their everyday lives. The resulting transnational
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Capital Accumulation, Supply Networks and the Composition of the Roman Senate, 14–235 ce* Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-10-18 Weisweiler J.
AbstractIn the first two centuries ce, the Roman senate transformed from an assembly of Italian landowners into a multi-regional group. The admission of thousands of provincials into Rome’s governing elite is often taken as evidence for the successful integration of subject populations. This article challenges such views of the senate as an inclusive institution. It shows that the overwhelming majority
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Erratum to: The Animal Body as Medium: Taxidermy and European Expansion, 1775–1865 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-10-14
In the above article (https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtaa004), the Abstract was inadvertently omitted. This error has now been corrected online. The Publisher would like to apologize for this error.
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The Rise of the Parish Welfare State in England, c.1600–1800** Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-10-10 Waddell B.
Abstract:The world’s first nationwide, publicly funded welfare system emerged and solidified in England over the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Its influence on society and economy during this period was profound, but this article is the first attempt to determine the scale of its impact by examining the amount of money annually spent on relief across the whole period. Drawing
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The Meanings of a Port City Boundary: Calcutta’s Maratha Ditch, c.1700–1950 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Joshua Ehrlich
Global histories have fixated on connections, notably in their treatment of colonial and postcolonial port cities. While such cities have been intensely connected places, however, they have also been intensely bounded ones. The present article takes as an example of this phenomenon the archetypal port city of Calcutta (now Kolkata) and its historical boundary, the Maratha Ditch. From the eighteenth
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Democracy in Spanish America: The Early Adoption of Universal Male Suffrage, 1810–1853 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-09-30 José Antonio Aguilar Rivera, Eduardo Posada-Carbó, Eduardo Zimmermann
Universal manhood suffrage — the right to an equal vote for all adult males, regardless of racial, economic or literacy conditions, as adopted by some Spanish American countries in the 1850s, at a time when very few countries in the Western world had done so — is the subject of this article. It considers in more detail the experience of New Granada (Colombia), with some comparative references, especially
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Of Maiming and Privilege: Rethinking War Disability through the Case of Francoist Spain, 1936–1989 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-09-30 Stephanie Wright
This article attempts to reconfigure current historiographical debates on war disability, which have hitherto tended to rely on ‘masculinity’ as an analytical framework. Instead, the case of the Francoist war disabled of the Spanish Civil War underscores the need to consider war disability in relation to broader social hierarchies, and the socio-political topographies in which these operate. In doing
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Dynastic Scenario Thinking in the Holy Roman Empire Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-09-17 Jasper van der Steen
Owing to the prevailing definition of ‘dynasty’ as a line of succession, historians have long neglected the fundamental tensions that underlie succession, and have undervalued both the active attempts of princes to control these tensions as well as their ability to anticipate the need to adjust to changing circumstances. Yet premodern dynasties were well equipped to anticipate and develop coping mechanisms
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‘A General Insurrection in the Countries with Slaves’: The US Civil War and the Origins of an Atlantic Revolution, 1861–1866 Past & Present (IF 1.8) Pub Date : 2021-09-10 Samantha Payne
This article reveals how the beginning of US Reconstruction precipitated a revolutionary crisis in Cuba and Brazil, the last two slave societies in the Atlantic World. Throughout the US Civil War, slave-owners in Cuba and Brazil faced the immense challenge of containing black revolutionary currents across the Atlantic. Despite their intensive policing of black transnational networks, many slaves in