Ilam Formation (Santonian) is a member of the Bangestan Group, as an important oil reservoir of SW Iran. Various geological and reservoir quality aspects of this formation were discussed in the Zagros area. However, depositional–diagenetic controls on pore types of this formation are not defined, especially in the Abadan Plain. In this study, an integrated sedimentological and petrophysical evaluation

Aptian paralic and Paleocene intracratonic mires that bracket the northern reaches of the Western Interior Seaway preserve Milankovitch orbital forcing cycle signals and record the dynamic interplay with craton-linked salt dissolution tectonism in the Alberta Basin foreland and the adjoined intracratonic Williston Basin to the southeast. These mires, now lignite-bearing strata, along the northern Seaway

As one of the main reservoirs types in the Sichuan Basin, the granular shoal reservoirs of the Feixianguan Formation have great potential for oil and gas exploration. Therefore, it is very important to study the sedimentary evolution characteristics and the distribution of shoal deposits of the Feixianguan Formation. In this paper, the sequence stratigraphy, sedimentary characteristics and distribution

Karst Collapse Columns (KCC) are special geologic structures in the Carboniferous-Permian coalfields of the northern China. It is easy to generate severe water inrush accidents during mining activities, which can cause many casualties and property losses. To evaluate the impact of the KCC on the coalmine during the excavation and exploration of the Panel 90102 at the Yangjian Coalmine, the Shanxi Province

The rock mass characteristic study, including RMR89, GSI, and RMR14 and their empirical relationships, had been conducted at ten slopes in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the RMR89, RMR14 and GSI, as well as develop the empirical relationships among those rock mass classifications especially for limestone of the Woyla group. The scan-line method has been adopted in the collection

The Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the northern Ordos Basin consists of a sequence of subtidal and peritidal carbonates that are extensively dolomitized. The diagenetic evolution of the Ma55 Sub-member was investigated to determine the factors controlling reservoir quality in the northern Ordos Basin. Dolomite in the Ma55 Sub-member is classified into three main types on the basis of crystal

Southern Iran is one of the most significant parts of the world in terms of economic aggregation of hydrocarbons. In this paper, reservoir quality of the Cenomanian–Santonian deposits has been evaluated in southwestern Iran. According to the reservoir qualification, five particular rock types have been classified based on log responses through K-nearest neighbors (KNN) method. 1–5 are representing

The article "Biostratigraphy of the Kazhdumi Formation (Albian), northeast of Shiraz, Zagros Basin (SW of Iran)”.

The article “Biostratigraphy, facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy of the Sachun Formation (Interior Fars, Zagros, SW of Iran)”, written by Kamal Karimi,Massih Afghah, Seyyed Hossein Ghetmiri and Mohammad Bahrami was originally published online on 09 October 2020 with Open Access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The mineralogical characteristics of the ultrafine calcite (UFC) in the Namsan karst cave were studied. The UFC formed in the cave comes in the form of a gel with white or light yellow very fine mineral particles containing water. Chemical composition of UFC is CaO 55.62%, MgO 0.3%, SiO2 0.09%, Al2O3 0.01%, Fe2O3 0.03% and ignition loss 43.78%. The minimum particle size of UFC was 0.12 μm, the maximum

Well-preserved fossil reef/mound-building communities and shallow microfacies have been recovered from Changhsingian platform−margin sponge reef at the Panlongdong Section and intraplatform sponge skeletal mound at the Yanggudong Section in NE Sichuan Basin, South China. The present contribution focuses on the palaeoenvironmental implication of the differentiated development processes on the platform−margin

Xujiahe fine-grained sediments (FGSs) are regarded not only as important shale gas targets but also as significant regional hydrocarbon source rocks. To analyze the provenance and depositional conditions of the Xujiahe FGSs, trace elements and rare-earth elements (REEs) from two wells in the western Sichuan Basin were investigated. The results indicate that the Xujiahe FGSs mainly originated from the

Detailed analysis of Middle Eocene deposits in the Tamerza region, located in western part of Gafsa Basin, shows the presence of several metric corrugated levels. A sedimentological study was applied to these levels showing their geodynamic characteristics, significance in energy, residence time on the sea-floor, and sequential analysis. To study these levels, detailed field work was combined with

Naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs are often described as very heterogeneous systems due to the carbonate depositional environment and to the subsequent diagenesis processes such as mineral precipitation in fractures. Fluid flow behaviour in fractures is highly influenced by the fracture aperture size and its morphology. Mineral precipitation can alter the fracture effectiveness to the fluid

Recently, geologists are paying more and more attention to the Ordovician reefs in the Tarim Basin of China for related petroleum potential. This work presents a systematic study on the sedimentary characteristics of two well-exposed Lower to Middle Ordovician reefs of the Tarim Basin, one in the Yingshan Formation and the other in the Yijianfang Formation. The organism types, petrography and its sedimentary

Marine intrusion phenomenon is the main phenomenon threatening the groundwater quality in coastal aquifers around the world. This phenomenon is generally caused by the overexploitation of aquifers, decline in the piezometric level and the rise in sea level under the climate change effect. There are several approaches to study and assess the marine intrusion phenomenon. For this study, the crossing

Korek Mountain is one of the outstanding mountains in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region; located north of Erbil city. It faces the entrance of the famous Galley Ali Beg gorge with its beautiful waterfall. The exposed rocks at the entrance of the gorge belong to the Bekhme Formation which consists of many types of carbonate rocks with a total thickness of around 100 m. The current study is concerned with the

The reservoir depth of T-Sh oilfield in Tarim Basin is more than 7500 m, which is a typical deep carbonate fault-controlled reservoir. The S-1 and S-5 fault zones experienced multi-stage tectonic movements and developed complex fault-fracture systems. Based on geometry and dynamics, the evolution characteristics of faults are analyzed; the permeability of strike-slip faults in the middle and lower

Here, radiogenic strontium isotopes, and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes analyses of the Paleocene-Eocene limestones of the Jaisalmer basin, Western India are carried out to find out the evidences of Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and Early Eocene Climatic Optimum. The occurrence of Numulites burdigalensis suggests the succession to be a Paleocene–Eocene interval that is also confirmed by the radiogenic

Central Arabian Mountain Tuwaiq Plateau, south Riyadh City underwent geologic work, including calibrated, filtered, geo-referenced and ortho-rectified synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imageries of the ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT satellites. The Jurassic Mountain Tuwaiq Plateau shows cuestas with flatiron geomorphology dipping gently, which is eroded by an eastward dendritic drainage pattern atop Mountain Tuwaiq

Salt minerals that are used to reconstruct paleoenvironments should be either primary or samples that provide primary-level information. Using hydrated sulfate minerals that are commonly found in saline lacustrine sediments (i.e., bloedite and polyhalite), the paleoenvironment of the Qaidam Basin, in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau was reconstructed. In this study, we determined the primary and secondary

Complexity and heterogeneity of carbonate deposits make the understanding of the reservoir quality challenging. This study is a contribution to the understanding of the distribution of carbonate–evaporite reservoir property of the Permo–Triassic Kangan–Dalan succession in one of the giant gas fields in the southwest of Iran. To capture and describe the complexity and heterogeneity of the carbonate

The depositional environment of the Antalo Limestone was previously interpreted from regional field-based studies and microfacies. However, stable oxygen and carbon isotopes are also invaluable proxies of paleo-environmental conditions, depositional, and diagenetic environments. Hence, the analyses of stable oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of this unit were examined from bulk limestone samples

The carbonate factories of the tropical to sub-tropical regions characterize a number of facies, attributable to biological and oceanographic variables. For this purpose, the Middle Jurassic carbonate rock unit (Samana Suk Formation) of the Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan was studied to understand the various Tethyan platform attributes. Four sections from Hazara area were chosen which were also compared

Carbonate strata are widely distributed in China, which can be found in more than 30 provinces and cities, covering about 1/3 of the country’s territorial area. Affected by different geological and climatic conditions, carbonate strata in China geographically present different karst landscapes and groundwater resources. Specifically, northern China is dominated by large karst springs, while southern

The coexistence of carbonates and evaporites is common for various petroliferous basins in geological periods globally. It holds much more significance to find out the interaction of these two. This paper expounds the macroscopical and microscopic relationship from petrography, facies, and geochemical analyses from core samples. The study area is dominated by successions of evaporites and carbonates

Many technical problems are being encountered in roadway tunneling processes, especially at fault bundles and fault-dense zones and in vicinity of the Ordovician carbonate confined aquifers. These complicated tectonic conditions increase the difficulty of water inrush prediction and prevention. This paper takes the roadways tunneling at Jiangzhuang Coal Mine of Shandong Province, China, as a case study

Microbialites can be important oil and gas reservoirs because of their high initial porosity and they may well be source rocks too. However, the formation mechanisms of calcimicrobes in microbialites are still not fully understood, and further research is needed. Herein, microbialites (thrombolites, dendrolites, and oncolites) from the Cambrian successions of Shandong Province, China, are examined

On the basis of the analysis of fault distribution characteristics in the Liangzhuang minefield, the site, channel, site distribution, and probability of karst water inrush from the Ordovician limestone affected by fault type, fault drop and fault dip is expounded. First, authors introduce methods of fault influencing factors and fault fractal dimension by synthesizing these faultage elements mentioned

In the present paper, sequence stratigraphy and microfacies of the Dariyan Formation in the two sections of the Gadvan and Zana Mountains located were studied in NE and NW of Shiraz (Fars province, SW Iran). An area of 429.5 m of the Dariyan Formation sediments was studied through 187 thin sections. Also, the index microfacies were closely identified. Generally, index microfacies of the studied thin

Dividing carbonate sequence with natural gamma data is the popular method, while it is not suitable for shallow platform because high gamma of mud flat represent shallow-water environment. Taking Majiagou Formation of Ordovician in Bozhong 21–22 structure of Bohai Sea as an example, a new sequence division method for shallow platform was presented based on natural gamma spectrum data, and the relationship

Bisetun Aquifer hosts of a noteworthy example of deep endokarst system in the world which is largely unknown to the scientific community. Several caves with up to 1316.6 m depth and the world's second deepest shaft were discovered in this aquifer during recent years. This research tries to give a scientific explanation from geology, hydrogeology, geomorphology, and hydrochemistry to the questions about

The focus of this study is the discharge of freshwater from coastal terraces to coastal areas. A large amount of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) flow moves toward the sea. The study to determine the flux rate uses geology, grain size, magneto telluric, resistivity and water geochemistry for quality analysis. The research is on the structure of calcite and sandstone composed of high-porosity rocks

To suggest the impacts of diapir evolutions on the ore deposits genesis, combined mineralogical, Raman spectrometry and C-, O- and H- isotopes studies of fluid inclusions trapped by their minerals were studied. In diapir zone, the evolution of hydrothermal fluids has been distinguished: type I hot fluids (365 °C) had formation water origin (δD ≈ − 21‰) and moderate salinity (12–23% wt% eq. NaCl) which

The study investigates the origin, age, paleo-depositional environment and formation conditions of gypsum lithofacies deposited in northeastern Muş in Eastern Anatolia using element analysis and sulfur, oxygen and strontium isotope combinations. The correlation diagrams of major ions and trace elements plots in the gypsum lithofacies indicate that carbonates and clastics carried by terrestrial waters

The various stages of tectonic activity associated with the Dongwu movement (DM) and the associated sedimentary responses in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China, have been analyzed and their significance for petroleum geology discussed. The analysis was based on the comprehensive analysis of field outcrops, wells, and seismic data. It is proposed that the DM in the Sichuan Basin can be divided into

By the presence of well-developed terraces on the Interview Island of Middle Andaman, we conducted an exploratory study on the Interview Island of Andaman and Nicobar Islands to understand the development of coastal caves here. During the investigation, we identified seven coastal caves on the island. Morphometric data of these study caves were used for further quantitative analysis by following the

Two sections of the Maastrichtian–Lower Eocene Sachun Formation, crossing Interior Fars zone, Zagros basin in SW Iran, were selected. To biostratigraphy, facies analysis, paleoenvironment and sequence stratigraphy, foraminifers and lithofacies were studied. Three foraminifer assemblage zones were observed in the studied areas. According to stratigraphic distribution of the identified foraminifers,

Tirgan formation of the Kopet-Dagh Basin (northeast Iran) represents one of the Urgonian carbonate platforms that were deposited during the Early Cretaceous time in the northern Alpine Tethys and deformed during the Alpine orogeny. In this study, six stratigraphic sections of the shallow-water platform sediments (Tirgan formation) were measured based on microfacies and fauna abundance. Detail study

Ordovician evaporites are very rare in the global geological record. Thick salt deposits in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation are present in the eastern greater Ordos Basin, China. Potash mineralization layers and a thin industrial grade potash layer occur in the sixth submember of the fifth member of the formation, thus indicating a good potash prospect. The eastern and western salt depressions are

Silurian carbonate outcrops within the southern part of the St. Ignace District of the Hiawatha National Forest (Mackinac County, Michigan) were examined to develop a local description of the exposed geology. The bedrock geology consists of the Manistique Group (dominantly the Cordell Formation) and the Engadine Group (Rockview Formation, Rapson Creek Formation, and Bush Bay Formation). Building on

Microscopical and mineralogical studies reveal first recorded spherulitic dahllite (3Ca 3 (PO4)2 Ca CO3) in the phosphorite rocks associated with carbonate rocks of Hamadat Mines (Duwi Formation) at Qusier area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Mineralogically, the phosphatic rocks of Hamadat Mines are mainly consisting of fluor-apatite, dahllite, dolomite, calcite, quartz and pyrite. Petrographically

The Fort Munro Formation is 200-m-thick mixed carbonate–siliciclastic succession of Late Cretaceous (Campanian) age exposed at the Rakhi Nala Section, Sulaiman Range, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan. The Fort Munro Formation is representing thin- to thick-bedded limestone with interbedded marls, shale and sandstone. Detailed microfacies analysis revealed the recognition of 15 microfacies types (11 carbonate

The Kazhdumi Formation is one of the most significant rock units in the Bangestan Group in Zagros Basin. In this study, one section of the Kazhdumi Formation (Kuh-e-Rahmat) was selected for research. The section is extended approximately 89 m thick. The lower lithostratigraphic limit of the Kazhdumi Formation is marked by an oxidized zone, while the upper boundary is described as gradational type.

An overview of the book “Dams and Reservoirs in Evaporites” is presented. Actual and potential audience and expected impact are analyzed in the context of current research, as well as in the view of global climate and technological changes, and social transformations. A major purpose of authors of this book is to summarize and present the large amount of experience accumulated during the study of dams

The Jurassic carbonates of the Samana Suk Formation are extensively exposed in the foreland areas of Himalayas and form major reservoir of the upper Indus basin. These carbonates are composed of oolitic, pelitic fossiliferous and micritic limestone units which have been extensively modified by diagenetic alterations, particularly dolomitization. Field observations show two distinct types of dolostone

Oligocene deposits of the Qom Formation in central Iran were studied to reconstruct the sedimentary environment and depositional sequences based on microfacies (MF) and micro-taphofacies (MTF) analysis. A total of 310 thin sections (210 and 100 from Vidoje and Neizar respectively) were studied to differentiate eight microfacies (MF) and five microtaphofacies (MTF) types. These MFs are representative

Bright spot seismic reflections in carbonate strata are often correlated with effective reservoirs. Widely distributed bright spot reflections have been found in the Permian Changhsing Formation in the Longgang area, Northeast Sichuan Basin, China. However, there is still a lack of systematic understanding of the types, distribution, and geological origin of these bright spot reflections in the Longgang

Ferruginous microbialites of the Mantou Formation (Miaolingian, Cambrian) in the southern North China Craton are available for investigation of their formation mechanisms. The ferruginous microbial structures are existing in a deepening upwards sequence with occurrences of the oolitic limestone, oncolite, stromatolite, and thrombolite in ascending order. The ooids larger than 2 mm in diameter are made

As the mining depth of North China-type coal fields increases year by year, the threat of Ordovician limestone karst water damage to coal seam mining is increasing, and the risk of floor water inrush increases gradually. To ensure safe production in coal mines and avoid casualties and economic losses, it is essential to accurately predict the risk of coal floor water inrush. The traditional approach

Grouting is generally applied as an effective way to seal rock fractures, reduce permeability, decrease deformation, increase strength of rocks, and to stop the water flow through the jointed rock mass. But grouting rock fractures under condition of flowing water depends greatly on experiences of professional engineers, without sufficient theoretical guidance to refer to, as no commonly accepted and

In Pakistan, carbonate rocks of Jurassic age are present entirely throughout the Indus Basin. The Jurassic carbonate rocks present in the Attock-Cherat requires a more detailed investigation as of recent discovery of gas in Jurassic carbonate rocks in the lower Indus basin. The evaluation of these Jurassic carbonate units in the Nizampur Basin of Attock-Cherat ranges should integrate the aspects of

A combined facies, petrography and isotope geochemistry reveal an extensive pedogenic alteration of platform carbonate deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Bagh Group in the western Narmada basin in central India. The highly fossiliferous carbonate sequence of the Bagh Group consists of two formations, the Nodular Limestone at the base, and the Bryozoan Limestone Formation at top. The Nodular Limestone

More than 100 million tons of tight oil reserves have been discovered in the Xin’anbian area of the Ordos basin in recent years, of which the main reservoir is the Chang-7 Member of the Yanchang Formation. To identify the characteristics of the tight sandstone reservoir and their the development of the Chang-7 Member in the study area, casting thin sections, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-pressure

Bangestan group in SW Iran consists of Sarvak and Ilam formations. The Sarvak and Ilam formations comprise a thick succession of carbonate rocks in Zagros basin of Southern Iran. These formations form one of the main hydrocarbon reservoirs in central Fars, Shiraz area. This study presents a facies analysis, sedimentary environments and sequence stratigraphy. To study petrography, microfacies, sedimentary

The strata exposed in Shitouzhai section, Ziyun region, on the south margin of Yangtze Platform, consists the transaction from Changhsingian reef carbonates (Bed 1) to Griesbachian micritic carbonates (Bed 4). Beds 2–3, which are sandwiched by Bed 1 and Bed 4, are massive layers of fine-crystalline dolostones. The boundary between Bed 1 and Bed 2 is defined by the subaerial exposure related to the

The problem of karst rocky desertification caused by soil loss is very serious in some karst areas of southwest China. The cycle process of rainwater–surface water–underground water controls the direction and trend of soil surface loss and underground leakage in karst rocky desertification areas. In this paper, Guanling–Huajiang plateau canyon rocky desertification area is the study area, and the water

The present study deals with depositional environment and microfacies analysis of the Asmari Formation in the Nasr–Abad section of Zagros basin in SW of Iran. The thickness of 240 m with Nasr–Abad stratigraphic section to define microfauna is taken from Asmari Formation. Asmari Formation is located in SE of Shiraz. According to the identified index microfossils, following three Oligocene assemblages

Coniatoids and the more extensive coniatolites were originally described, respectively, as rough surfaced, aragonite coated grains and rough surfaced, aragonite encrusted beachrocks near Jebel Dhanna, Abu Dhabi. At that time, a microbial involvement in their origins was rejected in favour of supratidal physico-chemical precipitation and this study investigates the validity of those conclusions. Vadose

Carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East hold a significant proportion of the remaining conventional oil reserves, which most of them were classified as naturally fractured. These reservoirs are well known for their low recoveries compared with their counterpart clastic unfractured reservoirs. Therefore, boosting their recoveries can assure to sustain the energy supply to the global oil markets. In