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Kidney multiome-based genetic scorecard reveals convergent coding and regulatory variants. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-07 Hongbo Liu,Amin Abedini,Eunji Ha,Ziyuan Ma,Xin Sheng,Bernhard Dumoulin,Chengxiang Qiu,Tamas Aranyi,Shen Li,Nicole Dittrich,Hua-Chang Chen,Ran Tao,Der-Cherng Tarng,Feng-Jen Hsieh,Shih-Ann Chen,Shun-Fa Yang,Mei-Yueh Lee,Pui-Yan Kwok,Jer-Yuarn Wu,Chien-Hsiun Chen,Atlas Khan,Nita A Limdi,Wei-Qi Wei,Theresa L Walunas,Elizabeth W Karlson,Eimear E Kenny,Yuan Luo,Leah Kottyan,John J Connolly,Gail P Jarvik
Kidney dysfunction is a major cause of mortality, but its genetic architecture remains elusive. In this study, we conducted a multiancestry genome-wide association study in 2.2 million individuals and identified 1026 (97 previously unknown) independent loci. Ancestry-specific analysis indicated an attenuation of newly identified signals on common variants in European ancestry populations and the power
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Relating DNA sequence, organization, and function. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Geoffrey Fudenberg,Vijay Ramani
Cross-species mosaic genomes provide insight into synthetic chromosome design.
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Probing the planet's polesEnds of the Earth: Journeys to the Polar Regions in Search of Life, the Cosmos, and Our Future Neil Shubin Dutton, 2025. 288 pp. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Sarah Boon
A paleontologist explores our intertwined fate with Earth's most remote regions.
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Convergent evolution in whale and human vocal cultures. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Andrew Whiten,Mason Youngblood
The complex songs of humpback whales conform to fundamental laws of language.
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Arctic research cooperation in a turbulent world. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Jennifer Spence,John Holdren,Fran Ulmer
Rapid Arctic change requires multifaceted approaches with Arctic peoples at the forefront.
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The future of measlesBooster Shots: The Urgent Lessons of Measles and the Uncertain Future of Children's Health Adam Ratner Avery, 2025. 288 pp. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Arthur Caplan
A pediatrician confronts the disease's persistence in a world where eradication is possible.
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Indonesia's new capital poses public health risks. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Dyna Rochmyaningsih
Scientists worry about potential rise in malaria and insect-borne viral diseases.
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New complexity emerges in Earth's 'boring' middle region. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Paul Voosen
Planetary CT scans and lab experiments reveal layering and intricate flows in the mantle.
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Generative AI exacerbates the climate crisis. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Qiong Chen,Jinghui Wang,Jialun Lin
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After abuse, Inuit group closes off ancient rock belt. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Rachel Berkowitz
The nearly 4-billion-year-old rocks offer a look into Earth's earliest years.
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A new 'mini-CRISPR' flexes its editing power in monkey muscles. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Jennifer Couzin-Frankel
The downsized DNA-slicing machinery may reach more tissues to take aim at more diseases.
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Trump orders cause chaos at science agencies. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Jeffrey Mervis
Wild week of canceled meetings, program changes, and data purges creates high anxiety.
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Whale song shows language-like statistical structure Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Inbal Arnon, Simon Kirby, Jenny A. Allen, Claire Garrigue, Emma L. Carroll, Ellen C. Garland
Humpback whale song is a culturally transmitted behavior. Human language, which is also culturally transmitted, has statistically coherent parts whose frequency distribution follows a power law. These properties facilitate learning and may therefore arise because of their contribution to the faithful transmission of language over multiple cultural generations. If so, we would expect to find them in
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Overwriting an instinct: Visual cortex instructs learning to suppress fear responses Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Sara Mederos, Patty Blakely, Nicole Vissers, Claudia Clopath, Sonja B. Hofer
Fast instinctive responses to environmental stimuli can be crucial for survival but are not always optimal. Animals can adapt their behavior and suppress instinctive reactions, but the neural pathways mediating such ethologically relevant forms of learning remain unclear. We found that posterolateral higher visual areas (plHVAs) are crucial for learning to suppress escapes from innate visual threats
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Structural pathway for PI3-kinase regulation by VPS15 in autophagy Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Annan S. I. Cook, Minghao Chen, Thanh N. Nguyen, Ainara Claveras Cabezudo, Grace Khuu, Shanlin Rao, Samantha N. Garcia, Mingxuan Yang, Anthony T. Iavarone, Xuefeng Ren, Michael Lazarou, Gerhard Hummer, James H. Hurley
The class III phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase complexes I and II (PI3KC3-C1 and -C2) have vital roles in macroautophagy and endosomal maturation, respectively. We elucidated a structural pathway of enzyme activation through cryo-EM analysis of PI3KC3-C1. The inactive conformation of the VPS15 pseudokinase stabilizes the inactive conformation, sequestering its N -myristate in the N-lobe of the pseudokinase
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Free speech, fact checking, and the right to accurate information Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Stephan Lewandowsky
True to his campaign promises, on 20 January 2025, US President Donald Trump signed a broad range of Executive Orders, the scope of which ranged from renaming the Gulf of Mexico to “Gulf of America” to reinterpreting the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution by curtailing birthright citizenship. At least one order is relevant to social scientists studying political communication because it aims to
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Advances and shortfalls in knowledge of Antarctic terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 L. R. Pertierra, P. Convey, A. Barbosa, E. M. Biersma, D. Cowan, J. A. F. Diniz-Filho, A. de los Ríos, P. Escribano-Álvarez, C. I. Fraser, D. Fontaneto, M. Greve, H. J. Griffiths, M. Harris, K. A. Hughes, H. J. Lynch, R. J. Ladle, X. P. Liu, P. C. le Roux, R. Majewska, M. A. Molina-Montenegro, L. S. Peck, A. Quesada, C. Ronquillo, Y. Ropert-Coudert, L. G. Sancho, A. Terauds, G. Varliero, J. A. Vianna
Antarctica harbors many distinctive features of life, yet much about the diversity and functioning of Antarctica’s life remains unknown. Evolutionary histories and functional ecology are well understood only for vertebrates, whereas research on invertebrates is largely limited to species descriptions and some studies on environmental tolerances. Knowledge on Antarctic vegetation cover showcases the
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The essential genome of Plasmodium knowlesi reveals determinants of antimalarial susceptibility Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Brendan Elsworth, Sida Ye, Sheena Dass, Jacob A. Tennessen, Qudseen Sultana, Basil T. Thommen, Aditya S. Paul, Usheer Kanjee, Christof Grüring, Marcelo U. Ferreira, Marc-Jan Gubbels, Kourosh Zarringhalam, Manoj T. Duraisingh
Measures to combat the parasites that cause malaria have become compromised because of reliance on a small arsenal of drugs and emerging drug resistance. We conducted a transposon mutagenesis screen in the primate malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi , producing the most complete classification of gene essentiality in any Plasmodium spp. to date, with the resolution to define truncatable genes. We
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Retrograde mitochondrial signaling governs the identity and maturity of metabolic tissues Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Emily M. Walker, Gemma L. Pearson, Nathan Lawlor, Ava M. Stendahl, Anne Lietzke, Vaibhav Sidarala, Jie Zhu, Tracy Stromer, Emma C. Reck, Jin Li, Elena Levi-D’Ancona, Mabelle B. Pasmooij, Dre L. Hubers, Aaron Renberg, Kawthar Mohamed, Vishal S. Parekh, Irina X. Zhang, Benjamin Thompson, Deqiang Zhang, Sarah A. Ware, Leena Haataja, Nathan Qi, Stephen C. J. Parker, Peter Arvan, Lei Yin, Brett A. Kaufman
Mitochondrial damage is a hallmark of metabolic diseases, including diabetes, yet the consequences of compromised mitochondria in metabolic tissues are often unclear. Here, we report that dysfunctional mitochondrial quality control engages a retrograde (mitonuclear) signaling program that impairs cellular identity and maturity in β-cells, hepatocytes, and brown adipocytes. Targeted deficiency throughout
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Rapid and dynamic evolution of a giant Y chromosome in Silene latifolia Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Takashi Akagi, Naoko Fujita, Kenta Shirasawa, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Kiyotaka Nagaki, Kanae Masuda, Ayano Horiuchi, Eriko Kuwada, Kanta Kawai, Riko Kunou, Koki Nakamura, Yoko Ikeda, Atsushi Toyoda, Takehiko Itoh, Koichiro Ushijima, Deborah Charlesworth
Some plants have massive sex-linked regions. To test hypotheses about their evolution, we sequenced the genome of Silene latifolia , in which giant heteromorphic sex chromosomes were first discovered in 1923. It has long been known that the Y chromosome consists mainly of a male-specific region that does not recombine with the X chromosome and carries the sex-determining genes and genes with other
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Does the mantis shrimp pack a phononic shield? Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 N. A. Alderete, S. Sandeep, S. Raetz, M. Asgari, M. Abi Ghanem, H. D. Espinosa
The powerful strikes generated by the smasher mantis shrimp require it to possess a robust protection mechanism to withstand the resultant forces. Although recent studies have suggested that phononic bandgaps complement the mantis shrimp’s defensive suite, direct experimental evidence for this mechanism has remained elusive. In this work, we explored the phononic properties of the mantis shrimp’s dactyl
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Antarctica in 2025: Drivers of deep uncertainty in projected ice loss Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Helen Amanda Fricker, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi, Catherine Colello Walker, Bryony Isabella Diana Freer, Laurie Padman, Robert DeConto
Antarctica is a vital component of Earth’s climate system, influencing global sea level, ocean circulation, and planetary albedo. Major knowledge gaps in critical processes—spanning the atmosphere, ocean, ice sheets, underlying beds, ice shelves, and sea ice—create uncertainties in future projections, hindering climate adaptation and risk assessments of ice intervention strategies. Antarctica’s ice
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Supersaturation mutagenesis reveals adaptive rewiring of essential genes among malaria parasites Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Jenna Oberstaller, Shulin Xu, Deboki Naskar, Min Zhang, Chengqi Wang, Justin Gibbons, Camilla Valente Pires, Matthew Mayho, Thomas D. Otto, Julian C. Rayner, John H. Adams
Malaria parasites are highly divergent from model eukaryotes. Large-scale genome engineering methods effective in model organisms are frequently inapplicable, and systematic studies of gene function are few. We generated more than 175,000 transposon insertions in the Plasmodium knowlesi genome, averaging an insertion every 138 base pairs, and used this “supersaturation” mutagenesis to score essentiality
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The Silene latifolia genome and its giant Y chromosome Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Carol Moraga, Catarina Branco, Quentin Rougemont, Pavel Jedlička, Eddy Mendoza-Galindo, Paris Veltsos, Melissa Hanique, Ricardo C. Rodríguez de la Vega, Eric Tannier, Xiaodong Liu, Claire Lemaitre, Peter D. Fields, Corinne Cruaud, Karine Labadie, Caroline Belser, Jerome Briolay, Sylvain Santoni, Radim Cegan, Raquel Linheiro, Gabriele Adam, Adil El Filali, Vinciane Mossion, Adnane Boualem, Raquel Tavares
In many species with sex chromosomes, the Y is a tiny chromosome. However, the dioecious plant Silene latifolia has a giant ~550-megabase Y chromosome, which has remained unsequenced so far. We used a long- and short-read hybrid approach to obtain a high-quality male genome. Comparative analysis of the sex chromosomes with their homologs in outgroups showed that the Y is highly rearranged and degenerated
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Sequence-dependent activity and compartmentalization of foreign DNA in a eukaryotic nucleus Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Léa Meneu, Christophe Chapard, Jacques Serizay, Alex Westbrook, Etienne Routhier, Myriam Ruault, Manon Perrot, Alexandros Minakakis, Fabien Girard, Amaury Bignaud, Antoine Even, Géraldine Gourgues, Domenico Libri, Carole Lartigue, Aurèle Piazza, Agnès Thierry, Angela Taddei, Frédéric Beckouët, Julien Mozziconacci, Romain Koszul
In eukaryotes, DNA-associated protein complexes coevolve with genomic sequences to orchestrate chromatin folding. We investigate the relationship between DNA sequence and the spontaneous loading and activity of chromatin components in the absence of coevolution. Using bacterial genomes integrated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae , which diverged from yeast more than 2 billion years ago, we show that nucleosomes
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Disappearing landscapes: The Arctic at +2.7°C global warming Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Julienne C. Stroeve, Dirk Notz, Jackie Dawson, Edward A. G. Schuur, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Céline Giesse
Under current nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, global warming is projected to reach 2.7°C above preindustrial levels. In this review, we show that at such a level of warming, the Arctic would be transformed beyond contemporary recognition: Virtually every day of the year would have air temperatures higher than preindustrial extremes, the Arctic Ocean
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Protein codes promote selective subcellular compartmentalization Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Henry R. Kilgore, Itamar Chinn, Peter G. Mikhael, Ilan Mitnikov, Catherine Van Dongen, Guy Zylberberg, Lena Afeyan, Salman F. Banani, Susana Wilson-Hawken, Tong Ihn Lee, Regina Barzilay, Richard A. Young
Cells have evolved mechanisms to distribute ~10 billion protein molecules to subcellular compartments where diverse proteins involved in shared functions must assemble. Here, we demonstrate that proteins with shared functions share amino acid sequence codes that guide them to compartment destinations. A protein language model, ProtGPS, was developed that predicts with high performance the compartment
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Four-dimensional conserved topological charge vectors in plasmonic quasicrystals Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Shai Tsesses, Pascal Dreher, David Janoschka, Alexander Neuhaus, Kobi Cohen, Tim C. Meiler, Tomer Bucher, Shay Sapir, Bettina Frank, Timothy J. Davis, Frank Meyer zu Heringdorf, Harald Giessen, Guy Bartal
According to Noether’s theorem, symmetries in a physical system are intertwined with conserved quantities. These symmetries often determine the system topology, which is made ever more complex with increased dimensionality. Quasicrystals have neither translational nor global rotational symmetry, yet they intrinsically inhabit a higher-dimensional space in which symmetry resurfaces. Here, we discovered
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Moisture-responsive root-branching pathways identified in diverse maize breeding germplasm Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Johannes D. Scharwies, Taylor Clarke, Zihao Zheng, Andrea Dinneny, Siri Birkeland, Margaretha A. Veltman, Craig J. Sturrock, Jason Banda, Héctor H. Torres-Martínez, Willian G. Viana, Ria Khare, Joseph Kieber, Bipin K. Pandey, Malcolm Bennett, Patrick S. Schnable, José R. Dinneny
Plants grow complex root systems to extract unevenly distributed resources from soils. Spatial differences in soil moisture are perceived by root tips, leading to the patterning of new root branches toward available water in a process called hydropatterning. Little is known about hydropatterning behavior and its genetic basis in crop plants. Here, we developed an assay to measure hydropatterning in
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Endothelial insulin resistance induced by adrenomedullin mediates obesity-associated diabetes Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Haaglim Cho, Chien-Cheng Lai, Rémy Bonnavion, Mohamad Wessam Alnouri, ShengPeng Wang, Kenneth Anthony Roquid, Haruya Kawase, Diana Campos, Min Chen, Lee S. Weinstein, Alfredo Martínez, Mario Looso, Miloslav Sanda, Stefan Offermanns
Insulin resistance is a hallmark of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. Insulin’s actions go beyond metabolic cells and also involve blood vessels, where insulin increases capillary blood flow and delivery of insulin and nutrients. We show that adrenomedullin, whose plasma levels are increased in obese humans and mice, inhibited insulin signaling in human endothelial cells through protein-tyrosine
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Hidden cascades of seismic ice stream deformation Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-02-06 Andreas Fichtner, Coen Hofstede, Brian L. N. Kennett, Anders Svensson, Julien Westhoff, Fabian Walter, Jean-Paul Ampuero, Eliza Cook, Dimitri Zigone, Daniela Jansen, Olaf Eisen
Ice streams are major regulators of sea level change. However, standard viscous flow simulations of their evolution have limited predictive power due to incomplete understanding of involved processes. On the Greenland ice sheet, borehole fiber-optic observations reveal a brittle deformation mode that is incompatible with viscous flow over length scales similar to the resolution of modern ice sheet
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Erratum for the Review "Addressing interconnect challenges for enhanced computing performance" by J.-S. Kim et al. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30
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Global study shows species are losing diversity. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Elizabeth Pennisi
Even in some common species, the genetic variation key to resilience is slipping away.
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The monster in the roomHumans: A Monstrous History Surekha Davies University of California Press, 2025. 336 pp. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Ed Finn
A historian interrogates the mythical creatures we create to dehumanize and devalue others.
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Banished from CERN, Russian physicists regroup. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30
Breakdown in collaboration leads many scientists to look to domestic projects-and to China.
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Taking responsibility: Asilomar and its legacy. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 J Benjamin Hurlbut
A reappraisal of the constitutional position of science in American democracy is needed.
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Laser-powered accelerators, compact and cheap, get real. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Adrian Cho
Encouraging lab results bolster plans to harness a new kind of particle accelerator in x-ray sources.
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International commitment to safe nuclear reactors. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Lisa Marshall
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Trump gender order upends federal surveys. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Jeffrey Mervis
Move would ban data collection on transgender and nonbinary people.
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In India, a debate over the benefits of gas stoves. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar
Surprise finding of few health payoffs complicates push to replace biomass fuel.
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International commitment to safe nuclear reactors-Response. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 R Scott Kemp,Edwin S Lyman,Mark R Deinert,Richard L Garwin,Frank N von Hippel
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Experts uprooted Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Jeffrey Mervis
A small statistical agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture was torn apart under Trump—and then rebuilt. What did it lose, and what can other U.S. research agencies learn from it?
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Conformational dynamics of a multienzyme complex in anaerobic carbon fixation Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Max Dongsheng Yin, Olivier N. Lemaire, José Guadalupe Rosas Jiménez, Mélissa Belhamri, Anna Shevchenko, Gerhard Hummer, Tristan Wagner, Bonnie J. Murphy
In the ancient microbial Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is fixed in a multistep process that ends with acetyl–coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthesis at the bifunctional carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase complex (CODH/ACS). In this work, we present structural snapshots of the CODH/ACS from the gas-converting acetogen Clostridium autoethanogenum , characterizing the molecular
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Pre-exposure antibody prophylaxis protects macaques from severe influenza Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Masaru Kanekiyo, Rebecca A. Gillespie, Kristine Cooper, Vanessa Guerra Canedo, Priscila M. S. Castanha, Amarendra Pegu, Eun Sung Yang, Luke Treaster, Gabin Yun, Megan Wallace, Gwenddolen Kettenburg, Connor Williams, Jeneveve Lundy, Stacey Barrick, Katherine O’Malley, Morgan Midgett, Michelle M. Martí, Hasitha Chavva, Jacqueline Corry, Benjamin R. Treat, Abby Lipinski, Lucia Ortiz Batsche, Adrian Creanga
Influenza virus pandemics and seasonal epidemics have claimed countless lives. Recurrent zoonotic spillovers of influenza viruses with pandemic potential underscore the need for effective countermeasures. In this study, we show that pre-exposure prophylaxis with broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) MEDI8852 is highly effective in protecting cynomolgus macaques from severe disease caused by aerosolized
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Hippocampal coding of identity, sex, hierarchy, and affiliation in a social group of wild fruit bats Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Saikat Ray, Itay Yona, Nadav Elami, Shaked Palgi, Kenneth W. Latimer, Bente Jacobsen, Menno P. Witter, Liora Las, Nachum Ulanovsky
Social animals live in groups and interact volitionally in complex ways. However, little is known about neural responses under such natural conditions. Here, we investigated hippocampal CA1 neurons in a mixed-sex group of five to 10 freely behaving wild Egyptian fruit bats that lived continuously in a laboratory-based cave and formed a stable social network. In-flight, most hippocampal place cells
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Ancient genomics and the origin, dispersal, and development of domestic sheep Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Kevin G. Daly, Victoria E. Mullin, Andrew J. Hare, Áine Halpin, Valeria Mattiangeli, Matthew D. Teasdale, Conor Rossi, Sheila Geiger, Stefan Krebs, Ivica Medugorac, Edson Sandoval-Castellanos, Mihriban Özbaşaran, Güneş Duru, Sevil Gülcür, Nadja Pöllath, Matthew Collins, Laurent Frantz, Emmanuelle Vila, Peter Zidarov, Simon Stoddart, Bazartseren Boldgiv, Ludovic Orlando, Mike Parker Pearson, Jacqui
The origins and prehistory of domestic sheep ( Ovis aries ) are incompletely understood; to address this, we generated data from 118 ancient genomes spanning 12,000 years sampled from across Eurasia. Genomes from Central Türkiye ~8000 BCE are genetically proximal to the domestic origins of sheep but do not fully explain the ancestry of later populations, suggesting a mosaic of wild ancestries. Genomic
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Scratching promotes allergic inflammation and host defense via neurogenic mast cell activation Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Andrew W. Liu, Youran R. Zhang, Chien-Sin Chen, Tara N. Edwards, Sumeyye Ozyaman, Torben Ramcke, Lindsay M. McKendrick, Eric S. Weiss, Jacob E. Gillis, Colin R. Laughlin, Simran K. Randhawa, Catherine M. Phelps, Kazuo Kurihara, Hannah M. Kang, Sydney-Lam N. Nguyen, Jiwon Kim, Tayler D. Sheahan, Sarah E. Ross, Marlies Meisel, Tina L. Sumpter, Daniel H. Kaplan
Itch is a dominant symptom in dermatitis, and scratching promotes cutaneous inflammation, thereby worsening disease. However, the mechanisms through which scratching exacerbates inflammation and whether scratching provides benefit to the host are largely unknown. We found that scratching was required for skin inflammation in mouse models dependent on FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. Scratching-induced
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Transforming achiral semiconductors into chiral domains with exceptional circular dichroism Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Thomas J. Ugras, River B. Carson, Reilly P. Lynch, Haoyang Li, Yuan Yao, Lorenzo Cupellini, Kirt A. Page, Da Wang, Arantxa Arbe, Sara Bals, Louisa Smieska, Arthur R. Woll, Oriol Arteaga, Tamás Jávorfi, Giuliano Siligardi, Gennaro Pescitelli, Steven J. Weinstein, Richard D. Robinson
Highly concentrated solutions of asymmetric semiconductor magic-sized clusters (MSCs) of cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, and cadmium telluride were directed through a controlled drying meniscus front, resulting in the formation of chiral MSC assemblies. This process aligned their transition dipole moments and produced chiroptic films with exceptionally strong circular dichroism. G -factors reached
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The time course and organization of hippocampal replay Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Caitlin S. Mallory, John Widloski, David J. Foster
The mechanisms by which the brain replays neural activity sequences remain unknown. Recording from large ensembles of hippocampal place cells in freely behaving rats, we observed that replay content is strictly organized over multiple timescales and governed by self-avoidance. After movement cessation, replays avoided the animal’s previous path for 3 seconds. Chains of replays avoided self-repetition
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Casz1 is required for both inner hair cell fate stabilization and outer hair cell survival Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Yuwei Sun, Minhui Ren, Yu Zhang, Shuting Li, Zhengnan Luo, Suhong Sun, Shunji He, Guangqin Wang, Di Zhang, Suzanne L. Mansour, Lei Song, Zhiyong Liu
Cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) require different transcription factors for their cell fate stabilization and survival, suggesting separate mechanisms are involved. Here, we found that the transcription factor Casz1 was crucial for early IHC fate consolidation and for OHC survival during mouse development. Loss of Casz1 resulted in transdifferentiation of IHCs into OHCs
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The Sikkim flood of October 2023: Drivers, causes and impacts of a multihazard cascade Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Ashim Sattar, Kristen L. Cook, Shashi Kant Rai, Etienne Berthier, Simon Allen, Sonam Rinzin, Maximillian Van Wyk de Vries, Wilfried Haeberli, Pradeep Kushwaha, Dan H. Shugar, Adam Emmer, Umesh K. Haritashya, Holger Frey, Praful Rao, Kori Sanjay Kumar Gurudin, Prabhakar Rai, Rajeev Rajak, Faruk Hossain, Christian Huggel, Martin Mergili, Mohd. Farooq Azam, Simon Gascoin, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Louie
On 3 October 2023, a multihazard cascade in the Sikkim Himalaya, India, was triggered by 14.7 million m 3 of frozen lateral moraine collapsing into South Lhonak Lake, generating an ~20 m tsunami-like impact wave, breaching the moraine, and draining ~50 million m 3 of water. The ensuing Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) eroded ~270 million m 3 of sediment, which overwhelmed infrastructure, including
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Randomizing the human genome by engineering recombination between repeat elements Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Jonas Koeppel, Raphael Ferreira, Thomas Vanderstichele, Lisa Maria Riedmayr, Elin Madli Peets, Gareth Girling, Juliane Weller, Pierre Murat, Fabio Giuseppe Liberante, Tom Ellis, George McDonald Church, Leopold Parts
We lack tools to edit DNA sequences at scales necessary to study 99% of the human genome that is noncoding. To address this gap, we applied CRISPR prime editing to insert recombination handles into repetitive sequences, up to 1697 per cell line, which enables generating large-scale deletions, inversions, translocations, and circular DNA. Recombinase induction produced more than 100 stochastic megabase-sized
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Energetic constraints drive the decline of a sentinel polar bear population Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Louise C. Archer, Stephen N. Atkinson, Nicholas J. Lunn, Stephanie R. Penk, Péter K. Molnár
Human-driven Arctic warming and resulting sea ice loss have been associated with declines in several polar bear populations. However, quantifying how individual responses to environmental change integrate and scale to influence population dynamics in polar bears has yet to be achieved. We developed an individual-based bioenergetic model and hindcast population dynamics across 42 years of observed sea
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Tiger recovery amid people and poverty Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Yadvendradev V. Jhala, Ninad Avinash Mungi, Rajesh Gopal, Qamar Qureshi
Recovery of large yet ecologically important carnivores poses a formidable global challenge. Tiger ( Panthera tigris ) recovery in India, the world’s most populated region, offers a distinct opportunity to evaluate the socio-ecological drivers of megafauna recovery. Tiger occupancy increased by 30% (at 2929 square kilometers per year) over the past two decades, leading to the largest global population
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Multiplex generation and single-cell analysis of structural variants in mammalian genomes Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Sudarshan Pinglay, Jean-Benoît Lalanne, Riza M. Daza, Sanjay Kottapalli, Faaiz Quaisar, Jonas Koeppel, Riddhiman K. Garge, Xiaoyi Li, David S. Lee, Jay Shendure
Studying the functional consequences of structural variants (SVs) in mammalian genomes is challenging because (i) SVs arise much less commonly than single-nucleotide variants or small indels and (ii) methods to generate, map, and characterize SVs in model systems are underdeveloped. To address these challenges, we developed Genome-Shuffle-seq, a method that enables the multiplex generation and mapping
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Learning the language of life with AI Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Eric J. Topol
In 2021, a year before ChatGPT took the world by storm amid the excitement about generative artificial intelligence (AI), AlphaFold 2 cracked the 50-year-old protein-folding problem, predicting three-dimensional (3D) structures for more than 200 million proteins from their amino acid sequences. This accomplishment was a precursor to an unprecedented burgeoning of large language models (LLMs) in the
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Viewing Asilomar from the Global South Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Shobita Parthasarathy
To many in the scientific community, the 1975 Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA stands as a singular achievement. This experiment in governance seemed to demonstrate that citizens could trust scientists to anticipate their fields’ risks and propose sensible ways to regulate themselves. Over the past half-century, similar efforts have been made to govern controversial areas of research, from geoengineering
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Nondeterministic dynamics in the η-to-θ phase transition of alumina nanoparticles Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 Masaya Sakakibara, Minoru Hanaya, Takayuki Nakamuro, Eiichi Nakamura
Phase diagrams and crystallography are standard tools for studying structural phase transitions, whereas acquiring kinetic information at the atomistic level has been considered essential but challenging. The η-to-θ phase transition of alumina is unidirectional in bulk and retains the crystal lattice orientation. We report a rare example of a statistical kinetics study showing that for nanoparticles
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TIR signaling activates caspase-like immunity in bacteria Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-30 François Rousset, Ilya Osterman, Tali Scherf, Alla H. Falkovich, Azita Leavitt, Gil Amitai, Sapir Shir, Sergey Malitsky, Maxim Itkin, Alon Savidor, Rotem Sorek
Caspase family proteases and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-domain proteins have central roles in innate immunity and regulated cell death in humans. We describe a bacterial immune system comprising both a caspase-like protease and a TIR-domain protein. We found that the TIR protein, once it recognizes phage invasion, produces the previously unknown immune signaling molecule adenosine 5′-diphos
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Mpox drug wins approval in Japan-but it doesn't work. Science (IF 44.7) Pub Date : 2025-01-23 Jon Cohen
Europe previously approved tecovirimat for mpox, based on animal data; the U.S. has stockpiled it for smallpox.