The steel sector accounts for 7 % of global greenhouse gas emissions, making its decarbonization a critical challenge. The use of green hydrogen in the direct reduction process enables a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, reaching levels as low as 29 kgCO2/tSTEEL. However, one of the major challenges lies in the temporal and geographical mismatch between steel and hydrogen production. This issue

The two main barriers to using air source heat pumps in cold climates are low performance and the evaporator freezing up. To this end, this study proposes an ejector-enhanced heat pump system (EEC) with liquid subcooling defrosting, which combines scenario characteristics to switch different modes for efficient heating and uninterrupted defrosting. A mathematical model and a defrosting model of the

In the context of the industrial shift towards carbon neutrality and electrification, high temperature heat pumps have emerged as feasible solutions for decarbonizing the heat supply at temperatures previously associated only to fired or resistive heating technologies (>100°C). The integration of high temperature heat pumps into industrial processes reduces the cooling and heating demand, while it

A ground-coupled heat pump (GCHP) system is an energy-efficient building service device that utilizes geothermal energy for heating or cooling buildings through ground heat exchanger (GHE). Owing to its ability to accomplish energy transfer, the GHE is a vital component of GCHP system. Therefore, efforts have been made to improve the heat transfer performance of GHE in terms of material and structure

Niger relies heavily on electricity imports from Nigeria. Still, recent political tensions have caused severe disruptions, leaving the country grappling with widespread energy shortages and an increased dependence on diesel generators (DGs). This study develops an optimal microgrid (MG) planning framework to enhance electricity security and sustainability in Niamey, Niger’s capital city. Using Mixed-Integer

Fuel cells are currently pointed out as a promising combined heat and power technology. In this work, the purpose was to investigate the potential to integrate a fuel cell and a heat pump as an energy-saving system for residential houses. We have applied a novel approach by evaluating the system across four European locations with diverse climates, focusing on fuel cell size, energy consumption, and

In this study, a novel thermo-economic analysis on a membrane reactor adopted to generate hydrogen, coupled to a carbon-dioxide capture system, is proposed. Exergy destruction, fuel, and environmental as well as purchased equipment costs have been accounted to estimate the cost of hydrogen production in the aforementioned integrated plant. It has been found that the integration of the CO2 capture system

Carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from the combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in global warming. Utilizing CO2 from direct air capture (DAC) and green hydrogen to produce methanol is a potential method to reverse this process; however, its technical and economic feasibility remains controversial. In this study, three distinct power-to-methanol systems integrating adsorption-based DAC, alkaline water

This work focuses on the utilization of a novel Ru-Ni foam structured catalysts housed in a Pd-Ag membrane reactor to generate decarbonized H2 by steam reforming of synthetic biogas, analysing from energy/exergy point of views the whole MR based plant, including also the ancillary devices (condenser, boiler, pump etc.). The influence of the wall temperature in the reforming process has been studied

Solid oxide fuel cell systems are considered for the power plant of ships, because of their high efficiency, low pollutant emissions, and fuel flexibility. This research compares the volume, mass, fuel consumption, and emissions of different hybrid power plants for cruise ships using solid oxide fuel cells, fuelled with marine gas oil and liquefied natural gas. A component sizing model allocates the

The global plastic waste crisis requires innovative solutions, and pyrolysis has emerged as a promising technology. This review critically examines pyrolysis technologies for plastic waste management, focusing on their efficiency, economic potential, and environmental impact. Pyrolysis can convert 60 %–80 % of plastic waste into liquid fuels, with yields of up to 85 % in fast pyrolysis processes conducted

Paper dust, a byproduct of paper-based packaging production, poses severe fire and health risks and is predominantly landfilled, contributing to environmental degradation through aerobic decomposition. This study evaluates the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of utilizing paper dust as a renewable energy source for electricity generation via gasification technology, offering a sustainable

In hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/thermal system, to achieve high thermal performance, liquid absorbers based spectral splitting method has been reported recently. Thecurrent level of technology for such novel hybrid systems is limitedto either theoretical work or laboratory scale prototype testing. Experimental studies that specifically focus on real-time monitoring of the performance characteristics of

In the pursuit of renewable and sustainable energy solutions, enhancing heat and mass transfer is crucial. Spray flash evaporation (SFE) is a rapid thermodynamic event that involves the sudden vaporization of a superheated liquid, which is deemed as an advanced enhancement technique of heat mass transfer in energy systems. This review has provided a comprehensive understanding of SFE, detailing its

Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) plays a pivotal role in green hydrogen production, garnering significant global interest in the fields of electrical and energy research. The degradation of water electrolyzers presents a major challenge for industrial applications, as it directly impacts the economic viability of hydrogen production, influencing investment decisions and technological advancements

Traditionally, energy and water planning for new building and retrofit projects are undertaken almost always independently at the precinct scale, often overlooking possible synergies of integrated resource management. This paper addresses major knowledge and research gaps in integrated precinct-scale energy–water system planning. By employing a robust multi-objective optimisation approach, the proposed

Integrated CO2 Capture and in-situ Methanation (ICCM) via dual function material (DFM) is a novel technology to produce synthetic natural gas while avoiding CO2 emissions from different sources and utilizing hydrogen from intermittent renewable energy. This study validated the feasibility of Pressurized ICCM (PICCM) by investigating into the effects of reactant partial pressures (CO2 or H2) and operational

This study investigates the impact of ambient temperature on the range of electric vehicles (EVs) by analyzing its effects on usable battery energy (UBE), heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption, and powertrain energy losses. Chassis dynamometer tests within a thermal chamber were conducted under various temperature conditions to investigate these impacts. The results indicate

Fuel cell performance is significantly influenced by operating conditions. Optimizing these conditions can enhance efficiency and extend lifespan. This study introduces a novel approach combining Random Forest (RF), Sobol sensitivity analysis, and Distribution of Relaxation Times (DRT) to examine the impact of five key operating parameters: stack temperature, humidity, back pressure, cathode stoichiometry

Sustainable hydrogen production is key to achieving zero-emission targets and a hydrogen-based economy. Hydrogen production methods vary in terms of resource, technology, and system efficiency. This work analyzes the thermodynamics of fourteen hydrogen production pathways using Gibbs free energy minimization to examine the effects of pressure (1–60 bar), temperature (100–1000 °C), and feed composition

The European Union (EU) aims to decarbonize the road transport sector by 2050. Hydrogen (H2), as a carbon-free option among alternative fuels, offers favourable properties for use in Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs), accompanied by the challenging control of engine-out emissions and abnormal combustion, especially towards stoichiometric conditions. The presented research project applies a non-premixed

This study used the Break-even Coefficient of Performance (COP) and the subsequent Break-even temperature outside heat integration studies as performance indicators for evaluating the viability of investments in industrial heat pumps taking a top-down approach. The Break-even COP represents the minimum efficiency required for a heat pump to be considered a feasible investment, independent from the

Flapping foil technology, a novel fluid energy harvesting technique based on biomimicry, has demonstrated significant application potential. This paper introduces deep learning methods and addresses the issues of low efficiency and lack of interpretability in traditional optimization designs of flapping foil energy harvesting. A serial double-module end-to-end prediction framework (CTP-DSCN) that links

With the continuous increase in the proportion of renewable energy, accurate forecasting of various tasks within integrated energy systems (IES) is becoming increasingly important. Traditional deep learning-based time series forecasting methods typically adopt loss functions such as mean squared error (MSE) to measure the difference between predicted and actual values, and optimizing neural networks

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) play a pivotal role in advancing sustainable energy systems, with catalysts serving as critical components for their effectiveness and efficiency. While commercial Pt/C catalysts have made significant contributions, further improvements are still needed to meet the evolving requirements. Current methods for synthesizing high-performance catalysts often focus

Compressing gas at high pressure is required in multiple applications such a energy storage and hydrogen mobility. High pressure ratio gas compression can yet be costly, from an energy point of view. During compression, the gas heats up and the compression becomes a more energy intensive process. This is why optimal compression should be as close as possible to isothermal compression, by dissipating

In rural areas, which often have limited access to reliable electricity, gas-turbine hybrid cycles can provide a more stable and consistent source of power. India is a developing country, and its energy demands are increasing day by day. The economy of a country depends on energy consumption. To bridge the demand–supply gap and enhance the economy, a hybrid power generation system is proposed. A high-temperature

With the development of intelligent transportation, a green, light, and comfortable behavior detection method that can protect driver privacy needs to be developed. This paper presents a self-powered behavior detection system based on a magnetic suspension hybrid wristband (MS-HW) and multi-scale convolutional channel attention residual network. The system consists of three modules: magnetic suspension

Modeling a commercial absorption chiller accurately is essential for better integrating and optimizing their operation, especially in off-design conditions. Hence, in this work, a novel model based on the principles of mass and energy conservation was developed, incorporating three improvements for a single-effect LiBr–H2O absorption chiller, corresponding to (i) heat loss to the environment, (ii)

As a carbon-free hydrogen (H2) carrier with the advantage of liquefaction storage and transportation, ammonia (NH3) is regarded as a competitive clean energy carrier for H2 production and power generation. This work designs a novel NH3-fueled hybrid power generation system, which combines ammonia decomposition reactor (ADR), proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and micro gas turbine (MGT) together

In this research, a new improved frilled lizard optimization algorithm is designed and proposed to address the optimal planning problem of renewable energy sources-based distributed generation within radial distribution grids. The primary objective is to minimize power losses, elevate the voltage profile, and improve voltage stability, formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem. The planning

High penetration of renewable energy leads to dramatic changes in regional load patterns, forming a duck curve phenomenon that profoundly affects the operation style of the power system. To obtain accurate prediction on the duck curve scenario, the paper proposes a day-ahead net-load forecasting method based on iTransformer and multi-task learning by considering various individual resource components

Integration of zero-emission electric vehicles along with renewable energy systems is considered as the most effective measure to substantially reduce environmental emissions. The aim of this study is to develop a simulation model for comparison of the operational performance of light-duty battery electric vehicle and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle integrated with optimally designed autonomous

Cogeneration power plants, as a key part of the current power system, are particularly urgent for the implementation of carbon capture technology transformation. Sodium-based CO2 capture technology has become a better choice with its advantages of low cost and low energy consumption. However, the process of integrating sodium-based CO2 inevitably has an impact on the operation of the power plant. This

The introduction of hydrogen energy utilization will further highlight the high dimensionality, nonlinearity, and uncertainty of integrated energy systems, thereby increasing the difficulty of their scheduling strategy formulation. In this paper, a method based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning for optimizing the scheduling of integrated energy systems is proposed. Firstly, a comprehensive

In this study, the design and development of an optimal control strategy for the operation of an innovative bio-wax phase change material based pillow plate thermal energy storage unit delivering space heating to a four-storey-high research building is presented. The hydronic heating system in the ZEB-laboratory comprises an electric driven heat pump, the thermal storage unit and hydronic radiators

Ocean current energy, as a form of renewable energy, has immense development potential. It can significantly aid in constructing the Internet of Things (IoT) in marine environments by providing self-sustaining power to its nodes. This paper proposes a hydrokinetic turbine-based triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid generator (HT-TEHG), composed of a hybrid generator (HG) that includes both triboelectric

This study explores the application of morphing trailing edge flaps to enhance aerodynamic performance and manage loads on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 1.5 MW reference wind turbine blades at the Manjil wind site in northern Iran. Morphing flap characteristics are optimized using Genetic Algorithms and Blade Element Momentum theory across varying wind conditions to maximize Annual

Due to growing environmental concerns regarding fossil fuels, the importance of sustainable or clean energy sources like wind, solar, hydrogen, and biomass has increased. Transitioning to sustainable energy sources is critical for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring long-term energy stability. Moreover, by integrating these renewable sources into hybrid energy systems, energy production

The innovative design of thermoelectric generators is essential for meeting practical application requirements. This study presents a novel cylindrical thermoelectric generator system utilizing hot side shunts to accommodate a greater number of planar thermoelectric modules. The cylindrical heat exchanger is segmented into fin and hollow channels to balance heat transfer and pressure drop, while a

In addition to high output, high environmental adaptability and the ability to withstand complex aerodynamic conditions are crucial for vibration energy harvesting. This paper introduces a novel sliding electromagnetic energy harvester based on airfoil flutter (EEHAF). The EEHAF features a simple and reliable structure, where the sliding motion and linear spring design enable it to operate under large

Developing district heating and cooling networks (DHCNs) requires new heat pumps (HPs) technologies to improve energy efficiency and replace fossil fuel boilers. This study presents a novel R-1234ze(E) moderately-high-temperature HP integrated with a semi-hermetic reciprocating compressor and an internal heat exchanger (IHX) controlled by a solenoid bypass valve. The HP is evaluated in terms of energy

A circumstance with both heat and cold demands has emerged ubiquitously across building and urban scales. This scenario is ideally addressed by implementing a heat pump for simultaneous heat and cold production. However, ongoing challenges exist in identifying the thermodynamic effectiveness of simultaneous heat and cold production mechanisms (why) and harmonizing the time and amount of simultaneous

Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) is promising for addressing water scarcity because of its adaptability to diverse geographical and environmental conditions. However, existing research is primarily devoted to developing high-performance adsorbents and designing small-scale experimental devices, which are hampered by their limited adsorbent loading, slow photothermal desorption, inefficient

The current review article discusses contemporary developments in the generation of hydrogen from bio-alcohols which include ethanol and glycerol, emphasizing the following primary processes: dry reforming (DR), sorption-enhanced steam reforming (SESR), and aqueous phase reforming (APR). These approaches give long-term paths to hydrogen by utilizing sustainable bio-alcohols. DR converts bio-alcohols

Thermochemical cells present a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for solar energy utilization, but their performance is often limited by fluctuations in solar radiation. Traditional methods involve incorporating thermal storage systems into thermochemical cells, though these are limited by low heat transfer rates and the small electrochemically active surface area of conventional electrodes. This

The industrial sector includes a wide range of industries and processes for which a single approach or universal strategies for decarbonization can hardly be identified. In general, the most efficient way to decarbonize building sites consists of two phases: (i) reduce the energy demand and (ii) replace the fossil-based power generation units with renewable energy sources, possibly working on the management

Concerns surrounding climate change and growing global energy demands are driving data centers to seek solutions to reduce energy requirements and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems provide a grid alternative pathway for data centers to address arising grid challenges and provide data centers control over their rate of decarbonization. Engine-based CCHP

Producing green hydrogen through solar thermochemical cycles represents a clean and promising avenue for future energy generation. However, several challenges, notably the requirement for elevated reaction temperatures and substantial deoxygenation losses, currently impede the advancement of this technology. Here, we propose a high-efficiency solar thermochemical cycling system assisted by reducing

The economic and ecologic feasibility of thermal pyrolysis processes with the feedstocks natural gas (H2 and carbon as products) or biogas (syngas and carbon as products) are studied for different locations – China, USA, Germany, Saudi Arabia, and Türkiye – and compared with state-of-the-art steam reforming and water electrolysis. At all considered locations, the current power generation still causes

Accurate parameter extraction in photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules is crucial for optimizing performance, modeling, and predicting behavior under varying environmental conditions. In this context, we propose a novel hybrid algorithm, Mean Differential Evolution with Newton-Raphson (MDE-NR), which combines the strengths of Mean Differential Evolution (MDE) and the Newton-Raphson (NR) method to enhance

In the evaluation of energy conversion processes, EnE (Energy Efficiency) and ExE (exergy efficiency) are currently used as the main indicators. However, this paper contends that such evaluations are incomplete and proposes incorporating DEnEx (Difference Between Energy Efficiency and Exergy Efficiency). The DEnEx reflects the energy losses caused by irreversible processes within the system, revealing

As a green power conversion device, the power performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is determined by the actual operating parameters. The optimization of the power density and corresponding operating parameters of the PEMFC according to the target demand is essential. In this paper, a global optimization strategy for the power density of PEMFC stack is proposed, which combines

Coal tar (CT), a byproduct of coal pyrolysis, is a valuable source of chemicals not producible by the petrochemical industry. However, its complex composition and lack of effective conversion principles pose significant challenges for value-added utilization. This review focuses on the CT non-hydrogenation catalytic (CTC) and CT hydrogenation catalytic (CTHC) technologies for typical model compounds

The supercritical CO2 power cycle has lately received significant attentions due to its high theoretical efficiency, robust peak-regulation capacity, compact components, and versatility across various heat sources. The early development of the supercritical CO2 power cycle and a comprehensive analysis of the current research status on system-level design and operational control was overviewed in this

This paper proposes and studies a novel hybrid energy storage system with solar collectors, photovoltaic modules, and a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) unit. The cold production in the CCHP unit in two versions of the refrigeration loop is considered. The proposed technical solution provides simultaneous production and supply of electricity, heat, and cold to consumers. It also allows efficient

The demand for energy-efficient heating solutions in buildings is increasing consistently, necessitating tools to determine the system’s optimal design and operation, while ensuring occupant comfort. This study develops a novel thermal comfort-constrained capacity-operation optimization framework for a multi-source (solar collectors, a biomass boiler, and a gas boiler) radiant floor heating system

Spectrally selective design has attracted increasing scientific attention in building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technologies for its high flexibility. This study introduces a spectrally selective strategy, aimed at optimizing BIPV skylights with three key features: (1) high above-bandgap transmittance to ensure electrical power generation; (2) high sub-bandgap reflectivity to reduce the negative

Several studies have reported benefits when using various nanomaterials dispersed in conventional diesel fuel. However, important constraints related to nanomaterial sedimentation, fuel filter blockage and a possible increase in particles emission because of unburnt nanofuels, have not been yet properly addressed. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were dispersed in diesel fuel at 50, 100, and