Microproteomics, the profiling of protein expressions in small cell populations or individual cells, is essential for understanding complex biological systems. However, sample loss and insufficient sensitivity of analytical techniques pose severe challenges to this field. Microfluidics, particularly droplet-based microfluidics, provides an ideal approach by enabling miniaturized and integrated workflows

The rail transit in sulfate-rich areas faces the combined effects of stray current and salt corrosion; however, the sulfate ion transport and concrete degradation mechanisms under such conditions are still unclear. To address this issue, novel sulfate transport and mesoscale splitting tests were designed, with a focus on considering the differences between the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and

Sugar aminotransferases (SATs) catalyze the installation of chiral amines onto specific keto sugars, producing bioactive amino sugars. Their activity has been utilized in artificial reactions, such as using the SAT WecE to transform valienone into the valuable α-glucosidase inhibitor valienamine. However, the low thermostability and limited activity on non-natural substrates have hindered their applications

The steel industry is considered an important basic sector of the national economy, and its high energy consumption and carbon emissions make it a major contributor to climate change, especially in China. The majority of crude steel in China is produced via the energy- and carbon-intensive blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF–BOF) route, which greatly relies on coking coal. In recent years, China’s

This article reviews the anti-penetration principles and strengthening mechanisms of metal materials, ranging from macroscopic failure modes to microscopic structural characteristics, and further summarizes the micro–macro correlation in the anti-penetration process. Finally, it outlines the constitutive models and numerical simulation studies utilized in the field of impact and penetration. From the

Sanhan Huashi formula (SHHS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has shown significant therapeutic effects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in clinical settings. However, its specific mechanism and components still require further clarification. experiments with Vero-E6 cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrated that SHHS effectively inhibited

To equip data-driven dynamic chemical process models with strong interpretability, we develop a light attention–convolution–gate recurrent unit (LACG) architecture with three sub-modules—a basic module, a brand-new light attention module, and a residue module—that are specially designed to learn the general dynamic behavior, transient disturbances, and other input factors of chemical processes, respectively

The real-time screening of biomolecules and single cells in biochips is extremely important for disease prediction and diagnosis, cellular analysis, and life science research. Barcode biochip technology, which is integrated with microfluidics, typically comprises barcode array, sample loading, and reaction unit array chips. Here, we present a review of microfluidics barcode biochip analytical approaches

Pesticide ecological safety continues to be a hot issue. The inherent biosafety and physiological functions of vanillin, a widely used natural flavor in food additives, have unlocked numerous applications in the medical field, leading to a plethora of pharmaceutically active derivatives and commercial drugs. Despite its extensive use in pharmaceutical discovery and the food industry, vanillin’s potential

Reactive transport equations in porous media are critical in various scientific and engineering disciplines, but solving these equations can be computationally expensive when exploring different scenarios, such as varying porous structures and initial or boundary conditions. The deep operator network (DeepONet) has emerged as a popular deep learning framework for solving parametric partial differential

Underground salt cavern CO storage (SCCS) offers the dual benefits of enabling extensive CO storage and facilitating the utilization of CO resources while contributing the regulation of the carbon market. Its economic and operational advantages over traditional carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects make SCCS a more cost-effective and flexible option. Despite the widespread use of

Non-ionic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are non-ionic designer solvents with various applications in catalysis, extraction, carbon capture, and pharmaceuticals. However, discovering new DES candidates is challenging due to a lack of efficient tools that accurately predict DES formation. The search for DES relies heavily on intuition or trial-and-error processes, leading to low success rates or missed

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by cells and widely exist in body fluids, serving as an essential vehicle of intercellular communication. In recent years, EVs have gained significant attention owing to their ability to carry nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins of host and pathogen origins. A distinct composition of EVs during pathogenic infection contributes to mediating pathogenic infection

Radiotherapy is an important treatment for cancer, but it is associated with major side effects due to the high dose of radiation (generally more than 50 Gy). Because radiation’s low acute and late toxicity, many tumors are treated with fractionated radiation in small doses (< 2 Gy). Scintillator X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy is an efficient methodology for cancer management that employs small

Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies. However, few researchers have evaluated the current status and future trends of technologies. This paper summarizes the current research status in eight major subfields of environmental engineering—water treatment, air pollution control, soil/solid

Quality management is a constant and significant concern in enterprises. Effective determination of correct solutions for comprehensive problems helps avoid increased backtesting costs. This study proposes an intelligent quality control method for manufacturing processes based on a human–cyber–physical (HCP) knowledge graph, which is a systematic method that encompasses the following elements: data

Tubular microfibers have recently attracted extensive interest for applications in tissue engineering. However, the fabrication of tubular fibers with intricate hierarchical structures remains a major challenge. Here, we present a novel one-step microfluidic spinning method to generate bio-inspired screwed conduits (BSCs). Based on the microfluidic rope-coiling effect, a viscous hydrogel precursor

To reduce CO emissions from coal-fired power plants, the development of low-carbon or carbon-free fuel combustion technologies has become urgent. As a new zero-carbon fuel, ammonia (NH) can be used to address the storage and transportation issues of hydrogen energy. Since it is not feasible to completely replace coal with ammonia in the short term, the development of ammonia–coal co-combustion technology

Crop phenomics has rapidly progressed in recent years due to the growing need for crop functional genomics, digital breeding, and smart cultivation. Despite this advancement, the lack of standards for the creation and usage of crop phenomics technology and equipment has become a bottleneck, limiting the industry’s high-quality development. This paper begins with an overview of the crop phenotyping

The high-resolution and nondestructive co-reference measurement of the inner and outer three-dimensional (3D) surface profiles of laser fusion targets is difficult to achieve. In this study, we propose a laser differential confocal (LDC)–atomic force probe (AFP) method to measure the inner and outer 3D surface profiles of laser fusion targets at a high resolution. This method utilizes the LDC method

Scaling up clean hydrogen supply in the near future is critical to achieving China’s hydrogen development target. This study established an electrolytic hydrogen development mechanism considering the generation mix and operation optimization of power systems with access to hydrogen. Based on the incremental cost principle, we quantified the provincial and national clean hydrogen production cost performance

This investigation elucidates the spatiotemporal dynamics of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation following myocardial infarction (MI), a process that has not been fully characterized. We revealed early activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mice with MI and characterized its dynamic temporal expression. Notably, the knockout and inhibition of expression

Stock volatility constitutes an adverse psychological stressor, but few large-scale studies have focused on its impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and suicide. Here, we conducted an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study to explore the association of daily stock volatility (daily returns and intra-daily oscillations for three kinds of stock indices) with MACEs and

New types of aerial robots (NTARs) have found extensive applications in the military, civilian contexts, scientific research, disaster management, and various other domains. Compared with traditional aerial robots, NTARs exhibit a broader range of morphological diversity, locomotion capabilities, and enhanced operational capacities. Therefore, this study defines aerial robots with the four characteristics

The prevalence of metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is alarmingly high; it is estimated to affect up to a quarter of the global population, making it the most common liver disorder worldwide. MASLD is characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation and is commonly associated with comorbidities such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance; however, it can

In ophthalmology, the quality of fundus images is critical for accurate diagnosis, both in clinical practice and in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostics. Despite the broad view provided by ultrawide-field (UWF) imaging, pseudocolor images may conceal critical lesions necessary for precise diagnosis. To address this, we introduce UWF-Net, a sophisticated image enhancement algorithm that

Accurate origin–destination (OD) demand prediction is crucial for the efficient operation and management of urban rail transit (URT) systems, particularly during a pandemic. However, this task faces several limitations, including real-time availability, sparsity, and high-dimensionality issues, and the impact of the pandemic. Consequently, this study proposes a unified framework called the physics-guided

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may soon become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease worldwide with limited treatment options. Liver fibrosis, which is driven by chronic inflammation and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, critically determines morbidity and mortality in patients with NASH. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is involved in immune activation and inflammatory liver diseases; however

Investigation of patient-derived primary tissues is of great importance in the biomedical field, but recent tissue slicing and cultivation techniques still have difficulties in satisfying clinical requirements. Here, we propose a controllable histotomy strategy that utilizes hierarchical magnetic microneedle array robots to tailor primary tissues and establish the desired high-throughput tissue-on-a-chip

regeneration is a promising strategy for constructing tissue engineering heart valves (TEHVs). Currently, the decellularized heart valve (DHV) is extensively employed as a TEHV scaffold. Nevertheless, DHV exhibits limited blood compatibility and notable difficulties in endothelialization, resulting in thrombosis and graft failure. The red blood cell membrane (RBCM) exhibits excellent biocompatibility

Zearalenone (ZEA), a mycotoxin, poses a significant global hazard to human and animal health. Natural products (NPs) have shown promise for mitigating the adverse effects of ZEA owing to their diverse functional activities. However, the current challenge lies in the absence of an efficient strategy for systematic screening and identification of NPs that can effectively protect against ZEA-induced toxicity

The incorporation of commercial flame retardants into fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has been proposed as a potential solution to improve the latter’s poor flame resistance. However, this approach often poses a challenge, as it can adversely affect the mechanical properties of the FRP. Thus, balancing the need for improved flame resistance with the preservation of mechanical integrity remains

Carboxyl ester lipase (CEL), a pivotal enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, is recurrently mutated in obese mice. Here, we aimed to elucidate the functional significance, molecular mechanism, and therapeutic potential of CEL in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Hepatocyte-specific knockout () and wildtype (WT) littermates were fed with choline-deficient high-fat diet (CD-HFD)

Gravimetric resonant-inspired biosensors have attracted increasing attention in industrial and point-of-care applications, enabling label-free detection of biomarkers such as DNA and antibodies. Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) are promising tools for developing miniaturized high-performance biosensing complementary metal oxide silicon (CMOS) platforms. However, their operability

Practical real-world scenarios such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks present the challenges of data scarcity and complex correlations, which limit the applications of artificial intelligence. The graph structure is a typical tool used to formulate such correlations, it is incapable of modeling high-order correlations among different objects in systems; thus, the graph structure

With the escalating flow of information and digital communication, information security has become an increasingly important issue. Traditional cryptographic methods are being threatened by advancing progress in computing, while physical encryption methods are favored as a viable and compelling avenue. Metasurfaces, which are known for their extraordinary ability to manipulate optical parameters at

Strain gradient is a normal phenomenon around a heterostructural interface in ultrathin film, and it is important to determine its effect on magnetic interactions to understand interfacial coupling. In this work, ultrathin PrSrMnO (PSMO) films on different substrates are studied. For PSMO film under different in-plane strain conditions, the saturated magnetization and Curie temperature can be qualitatively

In this article, a single-board integrated millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) asymmetric full-digital beamforming (AFDBF) array is developed for beyond-fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) communications. The proposed integrated array effectively addresses the challenge of arranging a large number of ports in a full-digital array by designing vertical connections in a three-dimensional space and

DNA guanine (G)-quadruplexes (G4s) are unique secondary structures formed by two or more stacked G-tetrads in G-rich DNA sequences. These structures have been found to play a crucial role in highly transcribed genes, especially in cancer-related oncogenes, making them attractive targets for cancer therapeutics. Significantly, targeting oncogene promoter G4 structures has emerged as a promising strategy