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Pedestrian Models for Autonomous Driving Part II: High-Level Models of Human Behavior

The automotive industry is at the forefront of the smart, connected and autonomous vehicle (SCAV) revolution to improve social mobility with safety and road utilization. Also, more and more countries and cities have announced restrictions on future internal combustion vehicle sales or use for cleaner transport. Hence, together with urgent demands for highly energy-efficient transport systems, the need

With the increased interest in intelligent transportation, the need for fault-tolerant systems has also increased. In this paper, we propose a piecewise stator-housing module (PSM) and construct a lumped-parameter thermal network (LPTN) that can be used in a fault-tolerant system based on the PSM. The proposed LPTN model considers not only radial and axial heat transfer but also tangential heat transfer;

Advances of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) technology have spurred a rapid investment of commercial UAS use in broad public domains, such as cargo transport, agriculture support, emergency response, on-demand communication, and infrastructure health monitoring. Urban unmanned aerial transportation that can transport passengers over short distances is also on the way. With the forthcoming dense operations

A method for reducing the protection levels (PLs) of aerial vehicles by fusing global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals with terrestrial signals of opportunity (SOPs) is developed. PL is a navigation integrity parameter that guarantees the probability of position error exceeding a certain value to be bounded by a target integrity risk. For unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), it is desirable

In the above article [1] , Table I , III , and IV should show “N/m” instead of “kN/m” and they should also show “Ns/m” instead of “kNs/m.” The revised tables are shown below.

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Crowd counting is very important in many tasks such as video surveillance, traffic monitoring, public security, and urban planning. However, achieving an accurate crowd counting and generating a precise density map are still challenging tasks due to occlusion, perspective distortion, complex backgrounds, and varying scales. In addition, most of the existing methods focus only on the accuracy of crowd

With the recent advances in wireless communications, the automotive industry is leading to evolution. To succeed in this emerging era of technology, the Internet of Connected Vehicles (IoCV) has emerged as one of the potential applications of the Internet of Things (IoT). It refers to the dynamic mobile communication systems that communicate between vehicles and public networks to enhance the connectivity

The increasing development of Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the emergence of Internet of connected vehicles (IoCVs). These vehicles with various functionalities have the potential prospects for improving the quality of experience (QoE) of vehicle users. Moreover, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in flying networks extends the connectivity and universality of IoT, and these UAVs with

Vehicular networks are critical pieces in support of advanced intelligent transportation systems (ITS). These networks are formed by vehicles that can be connected to one another as well as to the infrastructure, and are subject to constant topology changes, disconnections, and data congestion. Each ITS application could have a different set of communication requirements, such as delay, bandwidth,

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In the last decade, the number of vehicles worldwide has increased every year, and this growth is projected to continue unabated. Thus, the congestions, incidents, and environmental pollution which are caused by the increasing number of road vehicles and traffics have resulted in hundreds of millions of losses and become a major challenge to the sustainable development of recent human society. Both

The autonomous vehicular technology is approaching a level of maturity that gives confidence to end-users in many cities around the world for their usage so as to share the roads with manual vehicles. Autonomous and manual vehicles have different capabilities which may result in surprising safety, security, and resilience impacts when mixed together as a part of the intelligent transportation system

With increasing popularity of related applications of mobile crowdsensing, especially in the field of Internet of Vehicles (IoV), task allocation has attracted wide attention. How to select appropriate participants is a key problem in vehicle-based crowdsensing networks. Some traditional methods choose participants based on minimizing distance, which requires participants to submit their current locations

The new developments in mobile edge computing (MEC) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications has positioned 5G and beyond in a strong position to answer the market need towards future emerging intelligent transportation systems and smart city applications. The major attractive features of V2X communication is the inherent ability to adapt to any type of network, device, or data, and to ensure

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Due to the rapid development of technologies for small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS’s), the supply and demand market for sUAS’s is expanding globally. With the great number of sUAS’s ready to fly in civilian airspace, an sUAS aircraft traffic management system that can guarantee the safe and efficient operation of sUAS’s is still absent. In this paper, we propose a control protocol design and analysis

Since the early 20 th century, inventors have conceptualized “plane cars” and other urban aerial transportation. Emerging innovations in electrification, automation, and other technologies are enabling new opportunities for on-demand air mobility, business models, and aircraft design. Urban air mobility (UAM) envisions a safe, sustainable, affordable, and accessible air transportation system for passenger

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Multimodal Features for Detection of Driver Stress and Fatigue: Review

Vehicle and pedestrian detection is one of the critical tasks in autonomous driving. Since heterogeneous techniques have been proposed, the selection of a detection system with an appropriate balance among detection accuracy, speed and memory consumption for a specific task has become very challenging. To deal with this issue and to provide guidance for model selection, this paper analyzes several

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a large interactive network composed of information such as vehicle location, speed and route. Vehicles can collect their own environment and state information through GPS, RFID, sensors, camera image processing, and other devices. They can transmit their various information to the central processing unit through Internet technology. These large amounts of vehicle information

The security and privacy of healthcare enterprises (HEs) are crucial because they maintain sensitive information. Because of the unique functional requirement of omni-inclusiveness, HEs are expected to monitor patients, allowing for connectivity with vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In the absence of literature on security provisioning frameworks that connect VANETs and HEs, this paper presents

Data of the train communication network(TCN) is becoming more complicated, which results in higher requirements of the data processing unit-the multifunction vehicle bus controller (MVBC) connected within the TCN. Developing an MVBC is challenging because of the integrated hardware-software solutions to support reactions in real time and dynamic environment. Hence, there is an urgent need for a rigorous

In [1] , the first page footnote needs to indicate that authors Tao Jia and Penggao Yan contributed equally to this work. It should read as:

We are introducing an innovative networking approach to the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) for their automation and orchestration by redesigning the wireless edge framework. To this end, we propose to expand the Software Defined Networking (SDN) functionality from the edge network to the cars, i.e. equipping our vehicles with mobile base stations having SDN capabilities. By adopting such a novel approach

In the above article [1] , in the first-page footnote at the bottom, the corresponding author information should read: “ (Corresponding authors: Moumena Chaqfeh; Hesham El-Sayed.)”

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Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) collaborate with humans to operate in diverse, safety-critical applications. However, assurance technologies need to be integrated into the design process in order to guarantee safe behavior, thereby enabling UAS operations in the National Airspace System (NAS). In this paper, formal methods are integrated with learning-enabled systems representations. The generation

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A Review of Big Data Applications in Urban Transit Systems

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The ever-growing trend of making the traditional power grids smarter than before has resulted in their gradual evolution to more sophisticated grids, referred to as Smart Grids (SGs) Cyber-Physical Systems with complex networking technologies. The integration of Information and Communication Technologies with power grids fosters seamless data sharing between different SG entities, which supports effective

With the fast growth in network-connected vehicular devices, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has many advances in terms of size and speed for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications. As a result, the amount of produced data and computational loads has increased intensely. A solution to handle the vast volume of workload has been traditionally cloud computing such that a substantial delay

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High-Accuracy and high-efficiency 3-D sensing and associated data processing techniques are urgently needed for today’s roadway inventory, infrastructure health monitoring, autonomous driving, connected vehicles, urban modeling, and smart cities. 3D geospatial data acquired by digital photogrammetry or laser scanning or LiDAR systems have become one of the most critical data sources to support the

Map-based localization and sensing are one of the key components in autonomous driving technologies, where high quality 3D map reconstruction is fundamentally utmost important. However, due to the highly dynamic and uncontrollable properties of real world environment, building a high quality 3D map is not straightforward and requires several strong assumptions. To address this challenge, we present

Recently, 3D deep learning technologies require a large amount of supervised 3D point-cloud data to learn statistical models for various ITS-related tasks, e.g. object classification, object detection, object segmentation, etc. However, manually annotating 3D point-cloud data is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, this paper aims at co-locating 3D objects from mobile LiDAR point clouds without

The increasing growing need for optimization of transportation in a sustainable and green environment is fundamental for the future of mobility. Companies, governments, and non-governmental institutions are trying to find new ways to contribute to this challenge. In particular, the approach is to improve the efficiency and the quality of the movement of diversification of an integrated way of transportation

Modern transportation systems, such as computer networks, have become increasingly faster, aiming to “shorten” distances and travel time. This trend allows thinking about new services and induces to reconsider existing ones starting from new technologies, as for Intelligent Transportation Systems. Thereby, an all-encompassing scenario laying at the intersection of several domains, including manufacturing

The mixed traffic flow, which comprises both cooperative automated vehicles (CAVs) and human-driven vehicles, is becoming more common in modern urban areas. CAVs can expand the capabilities such as that can be achieved with automation and vehicular communication individually. However, the energy-saving benefits may be one of the exceptions when three or more vehicles drive in a row under the mixed

With the emerging connected automated vehicles, 5G and Internet of Things (IoT), vehicles and road infrastructure become connected and cooperative, enabling Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). C-ITS are transport system of systems that involves many stakeholders from different sectors. While running their own systems and providing services independently, stakeholders cooperate with each

Studies on public transportation in Europe suggest that European inhabitants use buses in ca. 56% of all public transport travels. One of the critical factors affecting such a percentage and more, in general, the demand for public transport services, with an increasing reluctance to use them, is their quality. End-users can perceive quality from various perspectives, including the availability of information

An effective, efficient, and ecological transport service needs a decision support system to inform the administrations, while intelligently assisting citizens’ daily transportation choices. This work presents a full-fledged Gamification Platform to develop and run sustainable mobility campaigns promoting individual green mobility behaviors. We organize geolocalized and temporal information on users’

Origin-destination matrices help understand the movement of people within cities. This work is built upon the premise that stakeholders, e.g. decision makers, need to analyze mobility flows from spatio-temporal perspectives that are appropriate to their context of analysis. The data retrieved from sensors and Intelligent Transportation Systems are useful for this purpose due to their lower acquisition

Empowered with advanced computation units, autonomous sensing platforms and various wireless access capabilities, connected and autonomous vehicles evolve over time and become tightly coupled and closely cooperative. Being one of the most active research fields in both academic and industry, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enables various types of vehicular applications, such as autonomous driving,

The advent of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) and Mobile Internet technologies is reshaping the public transport sector. Autonomous buses are equipped with varying advanced sensors, and hold great promises to enhancing the responsiveness and flexibility of public transit system. In the context of CAVs, transit operators can not only optimize service headway but also adjust bus capacity to

The emergence of electric buses (EBs) is expected to alleviate traffic pollution. However, the promotion of EBs requires a long transition period; during this period, EBs cannot wholly replace conventional buses (CBs). In addition, compared with CBs, EBs have long charging times and short cruising ranges, resulting in short operating times being available for the scheduling process. Therefore, to effectively

Differing from the conventional fixed-route transit, Demand Responsive Connector (DRC) is scheduled to pick up passengers based on requests, and delivers them to a common destination (e.g., a metro station). The demand for DRC is affected by not only the fare and travel time, but also time reliability. The latter’ impact is non-negligible because of the uncertainty nature of DRC on collecting the temporally

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Considering post-disaster scenarios for intelligent traffic management and damage assessment where communication infrastructure may not be available, we advocate a swarm-of-drones mesh communication architecture that can sustain in-network connectivity among drones. The connectivity sustenance requirement stems from the fact that drones may move to various locations in response to service requests