Surviving a single infection often results in lifelong immunity to the infecting pathogen. Such protection is mediated, in large part, by two main B cell memory 'walls' - namely, long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. The cellular and molecular processes that drive the production of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells are subjects of intensive research and have important implications for global health. Indeed, although nearly all vaccines in use today depend on their ability to induce B cell memory, we have not yet succeeded in developing vaccines for some of the world's most deadly diseases, including AIDS and malaria. Here, we describe the two-phase process by which antigen drives the generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells and highlight the challenges for successful vaccine development in each phase.

中文翻译：

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B细胞记忆：建立两道防御病原体的墙。

在单个感染中幸存下来通常会导致对感染病原体的终生免疫。这种保护在很大程度上由两个主要的B细胞记忆“壁”（即长寿浆细胞和记忆B细胞）介导。驱动长寿浆细胞和记忆B细胞产生的细胞和分子过程是深入研究的主题，对全球健康具有重要意义。确实，尽管当今使用的几乎所有疫苗都取决于它们诱导B细胞记忆的能力，但我们尚未成功开发出针对某些世界上最致命的疾病（包括艾滋病和疟疾）的疫苗。在这里，我们描述了抗原驱动长寿命浆细胞和记忆B细胞生成的两阶段过程，并着重指出了成功开发每个阶段疫苗的挑战。