Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a devastating loss of muscle tissue that overwhelms the native regenerative properties of skeletal muscle and results in lifelong functional deficits. There are currently no treatments for VML that fully recover the lost muscle tissue and function. Tissue engineering presents a promising solution for VML treatment and significant research has been performed using tissue engineered muscle constructs in preclinical models of VML with a broad range of defect locations and sizes, tissue engineered construct characteristics, and outcome measures. Due to the complex vascular and neural anatomy within skeletal muscle, regeneration of functional vasculature and nerves is vital for muscle recovery following VML injuries. This review aims to summarize the current state of the field of skeletal muscle tissue engineering using 3D constructs for VML treatment with a focus on studies that have promoted vascular and neural regeneration within the muscle tissue post-VML.

中文翻译：

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血管化和神经支配的骨骼肌组织工程。

体积肌肉损失（VML）是一种毁灭性的肌肉组织损失，它会压倒骨骼肌的天然再生特性，并导致终生功能缺陷。目前尚无 VML 治疗方法可以完全恢复失去的肌肉组织和功能。组织工程为 VML 治疗提供了一种有前途的解决方案，并且已经在 VML 临床前模型中使用组织工程肌肉结构进行了重大研究，这些模型具有广泛的缺陷位置和大小、组织工程结构特征和结果测量。由于骨骼肌内复杂的血管和神经解剖结构，功能性脉管系统和神经的再生对于 VML 损伤后的肌肉恢复至关重要。本综述旨在总结使用 3D 结构进行 VML 治疗的骨骼肌组织工程领域的现状，重点关注促进 VML 后肌肉组织内血管和神经再生的研究。