Aliphatic/alicyclic (Al)-containing polyimides (PIs), including fully-Al-PIs and partially-Al-PIs, are widely employed in electric, electronics, optical materials, and other advanced material fields. Examples include high speed multiplayer printed wiring boards, alignment films for liquid-crystal displays, fuel cells, batteries, gas separation membranes, pervaporation membranes, biomedical applications, and composites/hybrid materials. In the past decades, research has focused on the synthesis and molecular design of fully-Al-PIs and partially-Al-PIs. However, the effects of aliphatic/alicyclic segments on the performance of fully-Al-PIs and partially-Al-PIs and their potential applications are not clear. Therefore, an overall clarification of aliphatic/alicyclic-containing monomers, the effects of aliphatic/alicyclic segments on PI performance, as well as recent applications for advanced technology are important topics for further study. This review systematically summarizes the available aliphatic/alicyclic monomers and clarifies the influence of aliphatic/alicyclic-containing segments in chain backbones on the morphology and properties of the resulting PIs. Further, the use of PIs in applications for advanced materials is discussed, along with the outlook for the future of aliphatic/alicyclic-containing polyimides and their advanced applications.

含脂族/脂环族（Al）的聚酰亚胺（PI），包括全Al-PI和部分Al-PI，已广泛用于电气，电子，光学材料和其他高级材料领域。示例包括高速多层印刷电路板，液晶显示器的对准膜，燃料电池，电池，气体分离膜，渗透膜，生物医学应用以及复合材料/混合材料。在过去的几十年中，研究集中在完全Al-PI和部分Al-PI的合成和分子设计上。但是，脂族/脂环族链段对全Al-PI和部分Al-PI的性能及其潜在应用的影响尚不清楚。因此，对脂族/脂环族单体的整体澄清，脂族/脂环族链段对PI性能的影响，以及先进技术的最新应用是需要进一步研究的重要主题。这篇综述系统地总结了可用的脂族/脂环族单体，并阐明了链主链中含脂族/脂环族链段对所得PI的形态和性能的影响。此外，还讨论了在高级材料应用中使用PI的方法，以及对含脂族/脂环族聚酰亚胺的未来展望及其高级应用。