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Magnetism, dynamo action and the solar-stellar connection.
Living Reviews in Solar Physics ( IF 20.9 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-26 , DOI: 10.1007/s41116-017-0007-8
Allan Sacha Brun 1 , Matthew K Browning 2
Affiliation  

The Sun and other stars are magnetic: magnetism pervades their interiors and affects their evolution in a variety of ways. In the Sun, both the fields themselves and their influence on other phenomena can be uncovered in exquisite detail, but these observations sample only a moment in a single star’s life. By turning to observations of other stars, and to theory and simulation, we may infer other aspects of the magnetism—e.g., its dependence on stellar age, mass, or rotation rate—that would be invisible from close study of the Sun alone. Here, we review observations and theory of magnetism in the Sun and other stars, with a partial focus on the “Solar-stellar connection”: i.e., ways in which studies of other stars have influenced our understanding of the Sun and vice versa. We briefly review techniques by which magnetic fields can be measured (or their presence otherwise inferred) in stars, and then highlight some key observational findings uncovered by such measurements, focusing (in many cases) on those that offer particularly direct constraints on theories of how the fields are built and maintained. We turn then to a discussion of how the fields arise in different objects: first, we summarize some essential elements of convection and dynamo theory, including a very brief discussion of mean-field theory and related concepts. Next we turn to simulations of convection and magnetism in stellar interiors, highlighting both some peculiarities of field generation in different types of stars and some unifying physical processes that likely influence dynamo action in general. We conclude with a brief summary of what we have learned, and a sampling of issues that remain uncertain or unsolved.

中文翻译:

磁力,发电机动作和太阳-恒星连接。

太阳和其他恒星具有磁性:磁性遍布其内部,并以多种方式影响其演化。在太阳下,磁场本身及其对其他现象的影响都可以被精确地揭示出来,但是这些观测仅采样了单个恒星生命中的一瞬间。通过转向对其他恒星的观测以及理论和模拟,我们可以推断出磁场的其他方面,例如,其对恒星年龄,质量或自转速度的依赖性,而仅通过仔细研究太阳就无法发现。在这里,我们回顾太阳和其他恒星的观测和磁学理论,并部分关注“太阳-星体的连接”:即,其他恒星的研究如何影响了我们对太阳的理解,反之亦然。我们简要回顾了可用来测量恒星中磁场(或以其他方式推断出它们的存在)的技术,然后重点介绍了这些测量未发现的一些关键观测发现,着重(在许多情况下)着眼于对如何字段是建立和维护的。然后,我们转向讨论场如何在不同对象中出现的问题:首先,我们总结了对流和发电机理论的一些基本要素,包括对均场理论和相关概念的简短讨论。接下来,我们将对恒星内部的对流和磁场进行仿真,重点介绍不同类型恒星产生场的一些特殊性,以及一些统一的物理过程,这些物理过程通常会影响发电机的作用。
更新日期:2017-09-26
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