Understanding the working feelings and behavioral changes of hotel employees who collaborate with robots is an interesting and important issue. Therefore, we draw on event system theory (EST) to conceptualize human–robot collaboration (HRC) as an event that is relevant to hotel employees’ work life. Utilizing an experimental study (Study 1) and field research (Study 2), we consistently found that hotel employee’ perceived HRC event novelty, disruption, and criticality were all positively related to their job insecurity, which in turn positively predicted their learning behavior. Although we found a positive effect of HRC event novelty on workload in Study 1, the effect was negative in Study 2. Workload in turn positively predicted hotel employees’ subsequent work performance. In addition, duration and departmental dispersion moderated the effects of HRC event strength on hotel employee’ job insecurity and workload. This study also conducted another field survey (Study 3) to reconcile the unexpected mixed findings regarding the relationship between HRC event novelty and workload. The current research provides important and timely theoretical and practical insights into the implications of HRC for hotel employees.

中文翻译：

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酒店员工在人机协作中的行为变化：探索实现活动强度的双重途径

了解与机器人协作的酒店员工的工作感受和行为变化是一个有趣且重要的问题。因此，我们借鉴事件系统理论 （EST） 将人机协作 （HRC） 概念化为与酒店员工工作生活相关的事件。利用实验研究（研究 1）和实地研究（研究 2），我们一致发现酒店员工感知的 HRC 事件新颖性、中断性和关键性都与他们的工作不安全感呈正相关，这反过来又积极预测了他们的学习行为。尽管我们在研究 1 中发现 HRC 事件新颖性对工作量有积极影响，但在研究 2 中影响是负面的。工作量反过来又积极预测了酒店员工随后的工作表现。此外，持续时间和部门分散度调节了 HRC 事件强度对酒店员工工作不安全和工作量的影响。本研究还进行了另一项实地调查（研究 3），以调和关于 HRC 事件新颖性与工作量之间关系的意外混合发现。目前的研究为 HRC 对酒店员工的影响提供了重要且及时的理论和实践见解。