Shrimp is a commercially important species in several regions and is among the key global aquaculture commodities essential for food production and security. Similar to most shrimp‐producing countries, shrimp aquaculture in Malaysia suffers from recurring disease outbreaks that consequently impact the overall economy. The use of antimicrobial agents, particularly antibiotics, in shrimp aquaculture for prophylactic treatment and growth enhancement has increased the spread of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment. The development and dissemination of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria and other potential sources of antimicrobial contamination in waterways are facilitated by the continuous application of antibiotics in shrimp farming, municipalities, livestock, hospitals and pharmaceutical sources. This situation contributes to the spread of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon, a One Health issue with detrimental effects on human and animal health as well as the environment. Addressing the risks associated with AMR dissemination remains highly challenging due to the intensification of shrimp farming trends, which heightens disease outbreaks, and the limited availability of alternatives to antibiotics for many farmers seeking to prevent crop failure. In this review, we critically examine the key issues related to AMR in shrimp aquaculture and explore emerging treatment strategies. Our analysis encompasses a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the impact of AMR on shrimp farming in Malaysia, as well as alternative mitigation strategies aimed at fostering more sustainable and resilient aquaculture practices.

中文翻译：

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马来西亚对虾养殖中的抗菌素耐药性及其发生率的减少策略


虾在多个地区是重要的商业物种，是对粮食生产和安全至关重要的全球主要水产养殖商品之一。与大多数对虾生产国类似，马来西亚的对虾养殖经常爆发疾病，从而影响整体经济。在对虾养殖中使用抗菌剂，特别是抗生素进行预防性处理和促进生长，增加了抗菌素耐药细菌在水生环境中的传播。在对虾养殖、市政当局、畜牧业、医院和药品来源中持续应用抗生素，促进了抗微生物药物耐药细菌和其他潜在抗微生物药物污染源在水道中的发展和传播。这种情况导致了抗菌素耐药性 （AMR） 现象的传播，这是一个对人类和动物健康以及环境产生不利影响的 One Health 问题。由于对虾养殖趋势的加剧加剧了疾病暴发，而且对于许多寻求防止作物歉收的农民来说，抗生素替代品的可用性有限，因此解决与抗微生物药物耐药性传播相关的风险仍然极具挑战性。在这篇综述中，我们批判性地研究了对虾养殖中与 AMR 相关的关键问题，并探索了新兴的处理策略。我们的分析包括对关于 AMR 对马来西亚对虾养殖影响的现有文献的全面审查，以及旨在促进更可持续和有弹性的水产养殖实践的替代缓解策略。