Implantable bioelectronics that interface directly with biological tissues have been widely used to alleviate symptoms of chronic diseases, restore lost or degraded body functions, and monitor health conditions in real-time. These devices have revolutionized medicine by providing continuous therapeutic interventions and diagnostics. Energy sources are the most critical components in implantable bioelectronics, as they determine operational lifetime and reliability. Compared with other energy storage and harvesting devices and wireless charging methods, batteries provide high energy density and stable power output, making them the preferred choice for many implantable applications. The advent of implantable bioelectronic devices has been significantly propelled by the high energy densities offered by lithium battery technology, which has led to a profound transformation in our daily lives. To advance the field of implantable bioelectronics, the development of next-generation implantable batteries is essential. These batteries must be soft to match the mechanical properties of biological tissues, minimizing tissue damage and immune responses. Additionally, they must be biocompatible, particularly when in proximity to vital organs like the heart and brain, to prevent toxicity and adverse reactions. Beyond biocompatibility, these batteries need to exhibit excellent electrochemical performance, thermomechanical resilience, and structural integrity for reliable operation in body fluids over extended periods. Enhancing the energy and power density of these batteries can lead to device miniaturization, extend their service life, improve operating efficiency, and meet a broader range of high-power applications. Achieving these advancements not only enables cableless and shape-conformal integration with multifunctionality but also underscores the significant research efforts dedicated to understanding and optimizing the performance of next-generation implantable batteries. To this end, numerous research efforts have been devoted in recent years to developing next-generation implantable batteries from material development, structural design, and performance optimization perspectives. In this Account, we first outline the development history of current implantable batteries from their inception to the present day. We then delineate the requirements for the next generation of implantable batteries, considering emerging application scenarios. Subsequently, we review the recent advancements in the development of soft, biocompatible, long-term stable, high-energy, and high-power-density implantable batteries. Additionally, we explore the efficient integration of these batteries into biomedical devices. We conclude with the development routes and future perspectives for implantable batteries. This Account promotes the development of new implantable batteries through the collaboration of multiple disciplines, including energy, materials, chemistry, biomedical science, and engineering. The emergence of advanced implantable battery technologies is expected to offer countless opportunities to enhance bioelectronics. These advancements will alter the current paradigm of medicine and pave the way for a revolutionary era of human-machine interaction.

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用于生物电子的植入式电池

直接与生物组织交互的植入式生物电子学已被广泛用于缓解慢性病的症状，恢复丧失或退化的身体功能，以及实时监测健康状况。这些设备通过提供持续的治疗干预和诊断，彻底改变了医学。能源是植入式生物电子学中最关键的组成部分，因为它们决定了使用寿命和可靠性。与其他储能和收集设备以及无线充电方式相比，电池提供高能量密度和稳定的功率输出，使其成为许多植入式应用的首选。锂电池技术提供的高能量密度极大地推动了植入式生物电子设备的出现，这导致了我们日常生活的深刻转变。为了推动植入式生物电子学领域的发展，开发下一代植入式电池至关重要。这些电池必须柔软，以匹配生物组织的机械特性，从而最大限度地减少组织损伤和免疫反应。此外，它们必须具有生物相容性，尤其是在靠近心脏和大脑等重要器官时，以防止毒性和不良反应。除了生物相容性之外，这些电池还需要表现出优异的电化学性能、热机械弹性和结构完整性，以便在体液中长期可靠运行。提高这些电池的能量和功率密度可以导致设备小型化，延长其使用寿命，提高运行效率，并满足更广泛的大功率应用。 实现这些进步不仅实现了与多功能的无线和形状共形集成，而且还突显了致力于了解和优化下一代植入式电池性能的重要研究工作。为此，近年来，人们投入了大量研究工作，从材料开发、结构设计和性能优化的角度开发下一代植入式电池。在本篇报道中，我们首先概述了当前植入式电池从诞生到现在的发展历史。然后，我们考虑到新兴的应用场景，描述了对下一代植入式电池的要求。随后，我们回顾了软质、生物相容性、长期稳定、高能量和高功率密度植入式电池开发的最新进展。此外，我们还探索了将这些电池高效集成到生物医学设备中。最后，我们总结了植入式电池的发展路线和未来前景。该账户通过能源、材料、化学、生物医学科学和工程等多个学科的合作来促进新型植入式电池的开发。先进的植入式电池技术的出现有望为增强生物电子学提供无数机会。这些进步将改变当前的医学范式，并为人机交互的革命性时代铺平道路。