Study preregistration has become increasingly popular in psychology, but its potential to restrict researcher degrees of freedom has not yet been empirically verified. We used an extensive protocol to assess the producibility (i.e., the degree to which a study can be properly conducted based on the available information) of preregistrations and the consistency between preregistrations and their corresponding papers for 300 psychology studies. We found that preregistrations often lack methodological details and that undisclosed deviations from preregistered plans are frequent. These results highlight that biases due to researcher degrees of freedom remain possible in many preregistered studies. More comprehensive registration templates typically yielded more producible preregistrations. We did not find that the producibility and consistency of preregistrations differed over time or between original and replication studies. Furthermore, we found that operationalizations of variables were generally preregistered more producible and consistently than other study parts. Inconsistencies between preregistrations and published studies were mainly encountered for data collection procedures, statistical models, and exclusion criteria. Our results indicate that, to unlock the full potential of preregistration, researchers in psychology should aim to write more producible preregistrations, adhere to these preregistrations more faithfully, and more transparently report any deviations from their preregistrations. This could be facilitated by training and education to improve preregistration skills, as well as the development of more comprehensive templates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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预注册在心理学中的潜力：评估预注册的可生产性和预注册研究的一致性。

研究预注册在心理学中越来越流行，但其限制研究人员自由度的可能性尚未得到实证验证。我们使用广泛的方案来评估预注册的可生产性（即，根据现有信息可以正确进行研究的程度）以及预注册与其 300 项心理学研究的相应论文之间的一致性。我们发现，预注册通常缺乏方法论细节，并且与预注册计划的未公开偏差经常发生。这些结果强调，在许多预注册研究中，由于研究人员自由度而导致的偏差仍然可能存在。更全面的注册模板通常会产生更可生产的预注册。我们没有发现预注册的可生产性和一致性随时间推移而变化，也没有发现原始研究和重复研究之间存在差异。此外，我们发现变量的作化通常比其他研究部分更可产生、更一致。预注册和已发表研究之间的不一致主要在数据收集程序、统计模型和排除标准方面遇到。我们的结果表明，为了释放预注册的全部潜力，心理学研究人员应该致力于编写更多可生产的预注册，更忠实地遵守这些预注册，并更透明地报告与预注册的任何偏差。这可以通过培训和教育来促进，以提高预登记技能，以及开发更全面的模板。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2025 APA，保留所有权利）。