High-voltage power supplies are pivotal in sectors such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental protection. However, conventional high-voltage sources are associated with environmental pollution, cumbersome size, high costs, and significant safety risks due to the accompanying high current. To address these challenges, we propose a high-voltage source that employs a direct-current triboelectric nanogenerator (DC-TENG). Based on contact electrification and electrostatic breakdown effects, the inherent electrostatic charges and minimal fixed capacitance enable the DC-TENG to generate ultra-high voltage with low current effortlessly. To fully harness the potential of this high-voltage technology, a theoretical model encompassing multiple discharge domains is developed and the three main constraints on open-circuit voltage are identified. Guided by the model, the optimized DC-TENG achieves a record output voltage of 10.85 kV through structural and material optimizations, effectively achieving water-oil separation and air purification within 2.5 and 3 minutes, respectively. This research not only fully exploits the high-voltage capabilities of DC-TENG but also offers an eco-friendly, portable, cost-effective, and safe alternative for supplying ultra-high voltage.

中文翻译：

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通过结构和材料优化实现的超高电压（>10 kV）直流摩擦纳米发电机

高压电源在农业、医药、环保等领域至关重要。然而，传统的高压电源存在环境污染、体积笨重、成本高以及伴随大电流而带来的重大安全风险。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了一种采用直流摩擦纳米发电机（DC-TENG）的高压源。基于接触起电和静电击穿效应，固有的静电荷和最小的固定电容使DC-TENG能够毫不费力地以低电流产生超高电压。为了充分利用这种高压技术的潜力，开发了包含多个放电域的理论模型，并确定了开路电压的三个主要限制。在该模型的指导下，优化后的DC-TENG通过结构和材料优化，实现了创纪录的10.85 kV输出电压，分别在2.5分钟和3分钟内有效实现了水油分离和空气净化。这项研究不仅充分利用了DC-TENG的高压能力，而且还提供了一种环保、便携、经济高效且安全的超高压供应替代方案。