High-temperature sensors are critical in petrochemical, aerospace, and automotive industries. However, the inorganic piezoelectric materials for high-temperature sensors are usually rigid and only can work in low temperatures due to their low Curie temperature (< 200 °C), which restricts these sensors for high-temperature application. Herein, we report a high-temperature piezoelectric sensor based on PAN/Zn(Ac) composite nanofiber mat created via electrospinning and thermal-oxidative stabilization process, which can continuously work over 500 °C. Moreover, the heat-treatment PAN is first found to be pyroelectric. The effects of the different heat-treatment temperatures on the mechanical and electrical performance of PAN/Zn(Ac) composite nanofiber mats are studied systematically. The maximum voltage output of the PAN/Zn(Ac) composite film sensor is 14.13 V at room temperature, and the voltage output of the composite film (450 ℃ heat-treated) sensor is about 14.86 V at high temperature. Besides, it has durability for over 10000 cycles (room temperature), and it has durability for over 5000 cycles and stability after 60 days (400 ℃). The PAN/Zn(Ac) composite nanofiber film also showed a linear voltage response to the thermal gradient, but the pyroelectric output of the PAN/Zn(Ac) composite nanofiber film is independent of the heat treatment temperature. The PAN/Zn(Ac) composite film sensor can charge a capacitor and can instantly drive small electronic devices when the capacitor discharges, and the PAN/Zn(Ac) composite film sensor can be applied to fire safety. Overall, good flexibility, high-temperature resistance, and bifunctional sensing ability make PAN/Zn(Ac)-type sensors expected to be widely used in the high-temperature field of fire safety, the automotive industry, and other harsh environment.

中文翻译：

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基于热环化静电纺丝 PAN/Zn(Ac)2 纳米纤维毡的具有优异输出性能的高温柔性电压电/热释电双功能传感器

高温传感器在石化、航空航天和汽车行业至关重要。然而，用于高温传感器的无机压电材料通常是刚性的，由于其居里温度较低（<200℃），只能在低温下工作，这限制了这些传感器的高温应用。在此，我们报道了一种基于PAN/Zn(Ac)复合纳米纤维垫的高温压电传感器，该传感器通过静电纺丝和热氧化稳定工艺制造，可以在500°C以上连续工作。此外，首次发现热处理PAN具有热电性。系统研究了不同热处理温度对PAN/Zn(Ac)复合纳米纤维毡力学和电性能的影响。PAN/Zn(Ac)复合薄膜传感器在室温下的最大电压输出为14.13 V，复合薄膜（450 ℃热处理）传感器在高温下的电压输出约为14.86 V。此外，具有超过10000次循环的耐久性（室温），并且具有超过5000次循环的耐久性和60天后的稳定性（400℃）。PAN/Zn(Ac)复合纳米纤维薄膜也表现出对热梯度的线性电压响应，但PAN/Zn(Ac)复合纳米纤维薄膜的热释电输出与热处理温度无关。该PAN/Zn(Ac)复合薄膜传感器可以给电容器充电，当电容器放电时可以瞬间驱动小型电子器件，可应用于消防安全。总体而言，良好的柔韧性、耐高温性和双功能传感能力使得PAN/Zn(Ac)型传感器有望广泛应用于消防安全、汽车工业等恶劣环境的高温领域。