A number of ancient philosophers showed a keen interest in understanding whether moral development and the acquisition of virtue is in any way affected by the material constitution of human bodies. Moral education and socialisation were conceived of as having a significant impact on the resulting behaviours, while individual natures, thanks to their special physiological characteristics, were frequently seen as constantly interacting with acquired traits, eventually determining individual characters. This paper focuses on two key concepts of this wider subject, krasis (blending) and enkrateia (continence), and attempts to trace their philosophical interrelations throughout Greek and Roman Antiquity, especially from the fifth century BCE to the first century CE. An important result of this analysis reveals that during this period, enkrateia is described – often explicitly – as a manifestation of krasis, signifying as it does a well-balanced blending of certain ‘ingredients’.

中文翻译：

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Eukrasia 和 Enkrateia：希腊罗马混合理论和美德斗争

许多古代哲学家对了解道德发展和美德的获得是否受到人体物质构成的影响表现出浓厚的兴趣。道德教育和社会化被认为会对由此产生的行为产生重大影响，而个体本性由于其特殊的生理特征，经常被视为与后天特质不断相互作用，最终决定个体性格。本文重点讨论这个更广泛主题的两个关键概念，克拉西斯（混合）和恩克拉蒂亚（节制），并试图追溯他们在整个希腊和罗马古代，特别是从五世纪开始的哲学相互关系公元前到一世纪CE。这项分析的一个重要结果表明，在此期间，恩克拉蒂亚被描述——通常是明确的——作为一种表现克拉西斯，意味着它对某些“成分”进行了均衡的混合。