Carbon fiber (CF) is inert to dyes or pigments, thus its products usually exhibit a drab black and unexciting look. The bio-inspired structural coloration may provide a dye-free method to color CF. Herein, inspired by the interference colors of the insect's wing, a dye-free structural coloration method is proposed to color CF. A layer of poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-oxydianiline) film is assembled on the CF surface by in situ polymerization under a mild reaction condition, creating vivid colors based on thin film interference. Moreover, the structural color shows excellent thermal durability due to the good thermo‑oxygen stability of NP heterocycles and cross-linked networks in coloration film. Furthermore, the tensile strength of colored CF and the interfacial adhesion between colored CF and resin are also synergistically improved by 17.1% and 48.7%, respectively, because of the sturdiness and surface chemical activity of coloration film. In brief, the colored CF may have potential in designing and preparing new structural and functional composites.

碳纤维（CF）对染料或颜料呈惰性，因此其产品通常呈现出单调的黑色且平淡无奇的外观。仿生结构着色可以提供一种无染料的 CF 着色方法。在此，受昆虫翅膀干涉色的启发，提出了一种无染料结构着色方法来对CF进行着色。在温和的反应条件下，通过原位聚合在CF表面组装一层聚(环三磷腈-co -4,4'-二苯胺)薄膜，基于薄膜干涉产生鲜艳的色彩。此外，由于着色膜中N·P杂环和交联网络良好的热氧稳定性，结构色表现出优异的热耐久性。此外，由于着色膜的坚固性和表面化学活性，着色CF的拉伸强度以及着色CF与树脂之间的界面附着力也分别协同提高了17.1%和48.7%。简而言之，彩色CF可能在设计和制备新型结构和功能复合材料方面具有潜力。