It has long been recognized that, in order to understand economies in the past, we need better information about women's work and tertiary sector work. It is also well known that, while valuable in many ways, nineteenth-century censuses give incomplete information about women's contributions to the economy. Consequently, censuses are a poor basis for estimating the occupational structure. This article offers a solution to these problems by triangulating census data with qualitative information extracted from court records. The result is a more reasonable estimate of the first-level occupational structure in a Swedish local society (Västerås and its surroundings) around 1880. This estimate suggests that just before the onset of industrialization, around eighty per cent of the adult population, women and men, were active in primary and tertiary sector work. Compared to the census, the analysis sets women's share in the primary and the tertiary sectors at higher levels. The article has a strong methodological focus and describes in detail how the court records were analysed and adjusted to be comparable with the census.

中文翻译：

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十九世纪末瑞典的妇女工作和职业结构

人们早就认识到，为了了解过去的经济，我们需要更好地了解妇女工作和第三产业工作的信息。众所周知，十九世纪的人口普查虽然在很多方面都很有价值，但提供的有关妇女对经济贡献的信息并不完整。因此，人口普查并不是估算职业结构的基础。本文通过将人口普查数据与从法庭记录中提取的定性信息进行三角测量，为这些问题提供了解决方案。结果是对 1880 年左右瑞典当地社会（韦斯特罗斯及其周边地区）的第一级职业结构进行了更合理的估计。这一估计表明，就在工业化开始之前，大约 80% 的成年人口、妇女和男性积极从事第一和第三部门的工作。与人口普查相比，分析认为女性在第一和第三产业中的比例较高。这篇文章具有很强的方法论重点，并详细描述了如何分析和调整法庭记录以与人口普查进行比较。