Planets form in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The disk molecular reservoirs and their chemical evolution affect all aspects of planet formation, from the coagulation of dust grains into pebbles to the elemental and molecular compositions of the mature planet. Disk chemistry also enables unique probes of disk structures and dynamics, including those directly linked to ongoing planet formation. We review the protoplanetary disk chemistry of the volatile elements H, O, C, N, S, and P; the associated observational and theoretical methods; and the links between disk and planet chemical compositions. Three takeaways from this review are: ▪The disk chemical composition, including the organic reservoirs, is set by both inheritance and in situ chemistry.▪Disk gas and solid O/C/N/H elemental ratios often deviate from stellar values due to a combination of condensation of molecular carriers, chemistry, and dynamics.▪Chemical, physical, and dynamical processes in disks are closely linked, which complicates disk chemistry modeling, but these links also present an opportunity to develop chemical probes of different aspects of disk evolution and planet formation.

中文翻译：

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原行星盘化学


行星是在年轻恒星周围的气体和尘埃盘中形成的。圆盘分子库及其化学演化影响行星形成的各个方面，从尘埃颗粒凝结成卵石到成熟行星的元素和分子组成。圆盘化学还可以对圆盘结构和动力学进行独特的探测，包括那些与正在进行的行星形成直接相关的探测。我们回顾了挥发性元素 H、O、C、N、S 和 P 的原行星盘化学；相关的观察和理论方法；以及圆盘和行星化学成分之间的联系。本次审查的三个要点是： ▪ 盘化学成分，包括有机储层，是由遗传和原位化学决定的。 ▪ 盘气体和固体 O/C/N/H 元素比率通常由于以下原因而偏离恒星值：分子载体、化学和动力学的结合。盘中的化学、物理和动力学过程紧密相连，这使盘化学建模变得复杂，但这些联系也提供了开发盘演化不同方面的化学探针的机会。行星的形成。