The wide-spread dependence of transportation sector on the ever-depleting and greenhouse gas emitting fossil fuels when burnt has raised considerable energy security and environmental concerns. Consequently, countries around the world have positioned biofuels as a center stage alternative to fossil fuels in their national policies to provide energy security and carbon emission control. In this regard, the paper conducts a feasibility assessment of setting-up large-scale supply chain of bioethanol (i.e., a biofuel variant) based on the regional availability of agricultural residues. Critical resources and capabilities requirements and governance attributes for bioethanol supply chains are explored using the resource-based view and institutional theory lenses. An agricultural residues (as biomass inputs) based bioethanol supply chain (BESC) model is proposed to incorporate the economic and environmental optimality considerations for an agro-climatic region. A case study of the Punjab State in India is used as an application of the proposed BESC model. Findings suggest that sustainable BESC configurations can be achieved differently for different agricultural residues. Comparative analyses, trade-off scenarios, and sustainability assessments of various agricultural residues-based BESC configurations are conducted. The policy implications of the priority areas are discussed within the bounds of India's biofuel policy.

运输部门广泛依赖燃烧时不断消耗和排放温室气体的化石燃料，这引起了相当大的能源安全和环境问题。因此，世界各国已将生物燃料定位为化石燃料替代的中心舞台，以提供能源安全和碳排放的国家政策控制。在这方面，本文基于农业残留物的区域可用性，对建立生物乙醇（即生物燃料变体）的大规模供应链进行了可行性评估。使用基于资源的观点和制度理论视角探索生物乙醇供应链的关键资源和能力要求以及治理属性。提出了一种基于农业残留物（作为生物质投入）的生物乙醇供应链 (BESC) 模型，以纳入经济和环境农业气候区的最优性考虑。印度旁遮普邦的案例研究被用作所提议的 BESC 模型的应用。研究结果表明，可持续的 BESC 配置可以针对不同的农业残留物以不同方式实现。对各种基于农业残留物的 BESC 配置进行了比较分析、权衡方案和可持续性评估。在印度生物燃料政策的范围内讨论了优先领域的政策影响。