The United Nations (UN) has adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aiming to provide human welfare and conserve the planet, now and into the future. Two of the SDGs directly address biodiversity conservation and sustainable development – SDG 14 (life below water) and SDG 15 (life on land). Although the UN has issued annual reports on SDGs, the reports did not consistently reveal the progress over time, because of inconsistent methods such as estimation based on different indicators across years. Our research examined the dynamics of the same 10 indicators for SDGs 14 and 15 between 2010 and 2020. Results indicate that the overall SDG 14 scores had a small growth between 2010 and 2020, whereas the substantial increase in SDG 15 scores spotlighted the conservation efforts and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystem services, especially in countries with biodiversity hotspots. Globally, there was more progress in terms of SDG 15 scores during 2015–2020 than during 2010–2015 (before the UN adopted SDGs in 2015). Surprisingly, SDG 14 score had smaller progress during 2015–2020 than during 2010–2015. Special attention should be given to low-income countries lagging in sustainable development performance when implementing the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.

中文翻译：

---

水下和陆地生物的全球年代际评估


联合国 （UN） 通过了 17 项可持续发展目标 （SDG），旨在现在和未来提供人类福利和保护地球。其中两个可持续发展目标直接涉及生物多样性保护和可持续发展——可持续发展目标 14（水下生物）和可持续发展目标 15（陆地生物）。尽管联合国发布了关于 SDG 的年度报告，但由于方法不一致，例如根据不同年份的不同指标进行估算，这些报告并未始终如一地揭示随着时间的推移的进展情况。我们的研究考察了 2010 年至 2020 年期间可持续发展目标 14 和 15 的相同 10 项指标的动态。结果表明，SDG 14 的总体得分在 2010 年至 2020 年期间略有增长，而 SDG 15 得分的大幅提高凸显了陆地生态系统服务的保护工作和可持续利用，尤其是在生物多样性热点国家。在全球范围内，2015-2020 年期间，可持续发展目标 15 得分的进展比 2010-2015 年（在联合国于 2015 年通过可持续发展目标之前）要大。令人惊讶的是，2015-2020 年期间 SDG 14 得分的进步小于 2010-2015 年。在实施 2020 年后全球生物多样性框架时，应特别关注可持续发展表现落后的低收入国家。