Messenger RNA (mRNA) is an emerging class of therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. The recent success of the two highly efficacious mRNA vaccines produced by Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech to protect against COVID-19 highlights the huge potential of mRNA technology for revolutionizing life science and medical research. Challenges related to mRNA stability and immunogenicity, as well as in vivo delivery and the ability to cross multiple biological barriers, have been largely addressed by recent progress in mRNA engineering and delivery. In this Review, we present the latest advances and innovations in the growing field of mRNA nanomedicine, in the context of ongoing clinical translation and future directions to improve clinical efficacy.

信使 RNA (mRNA) 是一类新兴的治疗剂，用于预防和治疗多种疾病。Moderna 和 Pfizer–BioNTech 生产的两种高效 mRNA 疫苗最近成功预防 COVID-19，凸显了 mRNA 技术在革新生命科学和医学研究方面的巨大潜力。与 mRNA 稳定性和免疫原性，以及体内递送和跨越多重生物屏障的能力相关的挑战，已经通过 mRNA 工程和递送的最新进展得到了很大程度的解决。在这篇综述中，我们在正在进行的临床转化和提高临床疗效的未来方向的背景下，介绍了不断发展的 mRNA 纳米医学领域的最新进展和创新。