Music training programs have shown mixed results on children's executive functions. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a 10-week multimodal music program with vocal development, bimanual coordination, and musical improvisation, on children's executive functions. We hypothesized that a 10-week music program would enhance executive functions in working memory in 4- to 6-year-old children. Eighty-four children were randomly assigned to a multimodal music program, an active control Lego program, or no treatment control condition (i.e., randomized controlled design). All children completed measures of music aptitude, music achievement, and executive functions (i.e., EF Touch) pre- and post-training. Results revealed enhanced pitch accuracy and working memory for children in the music training group as compared to the other conditions. Children in the Lego condition demonstrated significant enhancements of spatial working memory. Tonal music aptitude significantly predicted performance on measures of working memory. Contributions to the literature include the randomized controlled design, group multimodal music program appropriate for 4- to 6-year-old children, and the use of executive function measures sensitive to individual differences.

中文翻译：

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多模式音乐训练可增强儿童的执行功能：一项随机对照试验的结果

音乐训练计划对儿童执行功能的影响参差不齐。本研究的目的是评估为期 10 周的多模式音乐计划对儿童执行功能的影响，包括声乐发展、双手协调和音乐即兴创作。我们假设为期 10 周的音乐课程会增强 4 至 6 岁儿童工作记忆中的执行功能。84 名儿童被随机分配到多模式音乐项目、主动控制乐高项目或无治疗控制条件（即随机对照设计）。所有儿童在训练前和训练后都完成了音乐能力、音乐成就和执行功能（即 EF Touch）的测量。结果显示，与其他条件相比，音乐训练组儿童的音准准确度和工作记忆有所提高。乐高条件下的儿童​​表现出空间工作记忆的显着增强。音调音乐倾向显着预测了工作记忆测量的表现。对文献的贡献包括随机对照设计、适合 4 至 6 岁儿童的小组多模式音乐计划，以及对个体差异敏感的执行功能测量的使用。