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On the Roles of Complexity and Symmetry in Cued Tapping of Well-formed Complex Rhythms
Music Perception ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-12-01 , DOI: 10.1525/mp.2021.39.2.202
Roger T. Dean 1 , David Bulger 2 , Andrew J. Milne 1
Affiliation  

Production of relatively few rhythms with non-isochronous beats has been studied. So we assess reproduction of most well-formed looped rhythms comprising K=2-11 cues (a uniform piano tone, indicating where participants should tap) and N=3-13 isochronous pulses (a uniform cymbal). Each rhythm had two different cue interonset intervals. We expected that many of the rhythms would be difficult to tap, because of ambiguous non-isochronous beats and syncopations, and that complexity and asymmetry would predict performance. 111 participants tapped 91 rhythms each heard over 129 pulses, starting as soon as they could. Whereas tap-cue concordance in prior studies was generally >> 90%, here only 52.2% of cues received a temporally congruent tap, and only 63% of taps coincided with a cue. Only −2 ms mean tap asynchrony was observed (whereas for non-musicians this value is usually c. −50 ms). Performances improved as rhythms progressed and were repeated, but precision varied substantially between participants and rhythms. Performances were autoregressive and mixed effects cross-sectional time series analyses retaining the integrity of all the individual time series revealed that performance worsened as complexity features K, N, and cue inter-onset interval entropy increased. Performance worsened with increasing R, the Long: short (L: s) cue interval ratio of each rhythm (indexing both complexity and asymmetry). Rhythm evenness and balance, and whether N was divisible by 2 or 3, were not useful predictors. Tap velocities positively predicted cue fulfilment. Our data indicate that study of a greater diversity of rhythms can broaden our impression of rhythm cognition.

中文翻译:

复杂性和对称性在结构良好的复杂节奏的线索敲击中的作用

已经研究了产生具有非等时节拍的相对较少的节律。因此,我们评估了大多数格式良好的循环节奏的再现,包括 K=2-11 提示(统一的钢琴音调,指示参与者应该敲击的位置)和 N=3-13 等时脉冲(统一的钹)。每个节奏都有两个不同的提示间隔。我们预计许多节奏将难以敲击,因为模棱两可的非等时节拍和切分音,而复杂性和不对称性将预测性能。111 名参与者敲击了 91 种节奏,每个人都听到了超过 129 个脉搏,尽快开始。而在先前的研究中,tap-cue 的一致性通常是 >> 90%,这里只有 52.2% 的提示收到了时间一致的敲击,只有 63% 的敲击与提示重合。仅观察到 -2 ms 平均抽头异步(而对于非音乐家,该值通常为 c. -50 ms)。随着节奏的进展和重复,性能得到改善,但参与者和节奏之间的精确度差异很大。性能是自回归的,混合效应横截面时间序列分析保留了所有单个时间序列的完整性,显示性能随着复杂性特征 K、N 和提示间隔间熵的增加而恶化。性能随着 R 的增加而恶化,每个节奏的长:短(L:s)提示间隔比率(索引复杂性和不对称性)。节奏的均匀性和平衡性,以及 N 是否能被 2 或 3 整除,都不是有用的预测指标。敲击速度正向预测球杆的实现。
更新日期:2021-12-01
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