Lithium (Li) has been considered as the backbone of modern energy infrastructures. In recent years, the production rate of Li has lagged behind the global demand due to the proliferation of electric devices and vehicles. To ensure a stable and sustainable supply of Li, electrochemical extraction of Li from unconventional aqueous sources, especially seawater containing almost inexhaustible Li resource, has received extensive attention. To proceed the way to real practices, this review covers a broad knowledge of electrochemical Li recovery processes, including cell configurations, working principles, and performance metrics. Specifically, Li-selective materials (electrodes, adsorbents, and membranes), pivotal to achieve superior Li selectivity and extraction performance, has been carefully summarized to spur innovative design strategies. Herein, an integrated system is conceived where electrochemical Li recovery unit functions as a bridge to connect desalination plant and battery industry, offering a feasible solution to circular economy at the water-energy nexus.

锂（Li）被认为是现代能源基础设施的支柱。近年来，由于电动设备和车辆的激增，锂的生产速度落后于全球需求。为了确保锂的稳定和可持续供应，从非常规水源，特别是含有几乎取之不尽的锂资源的海水中电化学提取锂受到了广泛关注。为了进入实际实践，本综述涵盖了电化学锂回收过程的广泛知识，包括电池配置、工作原理和性能指标。具体来说，锂选择性材料（电极、吸附剂和膜）对于实现卓越的锂选择性和萃取性能至关重要，已被仔细总结以刺激创新的设计策略。在此处，