A traveling air pressure disturbance of several hPa over a short period (5–10 min) can generate tsunami-like waves in coastal areas owing to a multi-resonant mechanism. In recent years, pressure-forced meteotsunamis have been regularly reported over the Korean Peninsula. However, the Korean meteotsunami early warning system does not always provide sufficient lead time. The early warning system comprises two-segmented zones for tracking the intensity and propagation of air pressure disturbances via 89 meteorological stations in the precaution (offshore islands) and warning zones (coastline and inland areas). To address the lead time problem in the current observation-based monitoring system, we used an atmospheric model with a horizontal resolution of 1.5 km, the Korea Meteorological Administration's local data assimilation and prediction system (LDAPS). The ability of the LDAPS to detect air pressure disturbances was tested for a widespread and destructive meteotsunami event that occurred on March 4, 2018. The detection capability of significant air pressure disturbances (>1.5 hPa/10 min) was 67% in the precaution zone, and the propagation pattern (direction, speed, and spatial scale) was reasonably consistent with the monitoring results. Based on LDAPS prediction and the established observation-based monitoring system, monitoring operators can determine the potential meteotsunami risk from the open Yellow Sea beyond the observation system with sufficient lead time. This case study contributes to developing observation- and atmospheric model-based early warning systems for meteotsunami mitigation. An early warning of tsunamigenic disturbances in the Korean Peninsula is expected to be provided with the LDAPS-based modeling system using a high-resolution atmosphere-ocean coupled model shortly.

由于多共振机制，在短时间内（5-10 分钟）几 hPa 的行进气压扰动可以在沿海地区产生类似海啸的波浪。近年来，在朝鲜半岛上空经常出现压力迫使的气象海啸。然而，韩国气象海啸预警系统并不总是提供足够的提前期。预警系统包括两段区域，用于通过预防（近海岛屿）和预警区域（海岸线和内陆地区）的 89 个气象站跟踪气压扰动的强度和传播。为了解决当前基于观测的监测系统的提前期问题，我们使用了水平分辨率为 1.5 公里的大气模型，韩国气象厅' 本地数据同化和预测系统（LDAPS）。针对 2018 年 3 月 4 日发生的广泛且具有破坏性的气象海啸事件，对 LDAPS 检测气压扰动的能力进行了测试。在预防区内，显着气压扰动（>1.5 hPa/10 分钟）的检测能力为 67% ，传播模式（方向、速度和空间尺度）与监测结果合理一致。基于 LDAPS 预测和已建立的基于观测的监测系统，监测操作人员可以在足够的提前期确定观测系统之外的开阔黄海潜在的气象海啸风险。本案例研究有助于开发基于观测和大气模型的预警系统，以缓解气象海啸。