A growing literature investigates how historical state repression affects later political outcomes, but little attention has been given to whether violence during foreign occupation affects support for international cooperation. This article investigates this issue by analyzing the 1972 Danish referendum on membership in the European Economic Community (eec)—an organization seen at the time as being dominated by Germany. The analysis shows that municipalities that experienced more German-inflicted violence during the German occupation of Denmark (1940–1945) in World War II had a higher rate of no votes in this referendum. This effect seems to have worked through increased support for Danish far-left parties that were associated with the Danish resistance movement and that actively used anti-German sentiment in their campaigns against eec membership. The results suggest that foreign-inflicted violence can be a substantial hindrance for popular support for international cooperation and that political parties play an important role in translating historical grievances into mass political behavior.

越来越多的文献研究历史上的国家镇压如何影响后来的政治结果，但很少有人关注外国占领期间的暴力是否会影响对国际合作的支持。本文通过分析 1972 年丹麦关于加入欧洲经济共同体 ( eec)——当时被视为由德国主导的组织。分析表明，在二战期间德国占领丹麦（1940-1945 年）期间，遭受德国暴力事件较多的城市在此次公投中的无票率较高。这种效果似乎是通过增加对与丹麦抵抗运动有关的丹麦极左政党的支持而产生的，这些政党在反对欧共体成员的运动中积极利用反德情绪。结果表明，外国暴力可能成为民众支持国际合作的重大障碍，政党在将历史不满转化为群众政治行为方面发挥着重要作用。