Cytoskeletal networks are the main actuators of cellular mechanics, and a foundational example for active matter physics. In cytoskeletal networks, motion is generated on small scales by filaments that push and pull on each other via molecular-scale motors. These local actuations give rise to large-scale stresses and motion. To understand how microscopic processes can give rise to self-organized behavior on larger scales it is important to consider what mechanisms mediate long-ranged mechanical interactions in the systems. Two scenarios have been considered in the recent literature. The first scenario is systems that are relatively sparse, in which most of the large-scale momentum transfer is mediated by the solvent in which cytoskeletal filaments are suspended. The second scenario is systems in which filaments are coupled via cross-link molecules throughout. Here, we review the differences and commonalities between the physics of these two regimes. We also survey the literature for the numbers that allow us to place a material within either of these two classes.

中文翻译：

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交联数如何塑造细胞骨架材料的大规模物理


细胞骨架网络是细胞力学的主要驱动器，也是活性物质物理学的基础示例。在细胞骨架网络中，运动是由细丝在小范围内产生的，细丝通过分子级马达相互推拉。这些局部驱动会产生大规模的应力和运动。为了理解微观过程如何在更大范围内产生自组织行为，重要的是要考虑什么机制介导系统中的长程机械相互作用。最近的文献考虑了两种情况。第一种情况是相对稀疏的系统，其中大部分大规模动量传递是由悬浮细胞骨架丝的溶剂介导的。第二种情况是细丝通过整个交联分子耦合的系统。在这里，我们回顾这两种体系的物理学之间的差异和共同点。我们还调查了文献中的数字，使我们能够将材料归入这两个类别中的任何一个。