Rapid, far-from-equilibrium processes involving excitation of electronic, vibrational, spin, photon, topological, and other degrees of freedom form the basis of modern technologies, including electronics and optoelectronics, solar energy harvesting and conversion to electrical and chemical energy, quantum information processing, spin- and valleytronics, chemical detection, and medical therapies. Such processes are studied experimentally with various time-resolved spectroscopies that allow scientists to track system’s evolution on ultrafast time scales and at close to atomistic level of detail. The availability of various forms of lasing has made such measurements easily accessible to many experimental groups worldwide, to study atoms and small molecules, nanoscale and condensed matter systems, proteins, cells, and mesoscopic materials. The experimental work necessitates parallel theoretical efforts needed to interpret the experiments and to provide insights that cannot be gained through measurements due to experimental limitations.

中文翻译：

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模拟纳米级和凝聚态系统中的非绝热动力学

涉及激发电子、振动、自旋、光子、拓扑和其他自由度的快速、远离平衡的过程构成了现代技术的基础，包括电子学和光电子学、太阳能收集和转换为电能和化学能、量子信息处理、自旋和谷电子学、化学检测和医学治疗。这些过程通过各种时间分辨光谱进行实验研究，使科学家能够在超快时间尺度上和接近原子级别的细节上跟踪系统的演化。各种形式的激光的可用性使得全球许多实验小组可以轻松地进行此类测量，以研究原子和小分子、纳米级和凝聚态物质系统、蛋白质、细胞和介观材料。