The natural tendency of the mind to wander (i.e., mind wandering), is often connected to negative thoughts and emotional states. On the other hand, mindfulness (i.e., the ability to focus one’s attention on the present moment in a non-judgmental way) has acquired a growing interest in recent years given its beneficial role in improving awareness and self-regulation. Starting from previous evidence, this study aims to clarify the psychological, physiological, and affective impact of a mindfulness exercise on mind wandering. Twenty-eight non-expert female meditators were recruited for this study. Heart rate variability (HRV), state mindfulness, mind wandering manifestations, and affective states, were recorded during a baseline condition, a mindfulness breathing observation exercise, and a final rest condition. Subjects reported significant decreases in mind wandering comparing baseline and mindfulness. Changes in mind wandering were mirrored by changes in HRV, with higher HRV during the breathing observation exercise. Significant associations were found between scores of mindfulness, mind wandering, and affective states measured during the task. Our findings confirmed the role of mindfulness in reducing mind wandering and increasing HRV. Results are discussed considering mindfulness associations with self-regulation and well-being.

思想游荡（即思想游荡）的自然倾向通常与消极思想和情绪状态有关。另一方面，正念（即以非评判的方式将注意力集中在当下的能力）近年来引起了越来越多的兴趣，因为它在提高意识和自我调节方面发挥了有益的作用。从先前的证据开始，本研究旨在阐明正念练习对走神的心理、生理和情感影响。本研究招募了 28 名非专业女性冥想者。在基线条件、正念呼吸观察练习和最终休息条件期间记录心率变异性 (HRV)、正念状态、走神表现和情感状态。与基线和正念相比，受试者报告说走神显着减少。心智游荡的变化反映在 HRV 的变化上，在呼吸观察练习中 HRV 较高。在任务期间测量的正念、走神和情感状态之间发现了显着的关联。我们的研究结果证实了正念在减少走神和增加 HRV 方面的作用。考虑到正念与自我调节和幸福的关联，讨论了结果。我们的研究结果证实了正念在减少走神和增加 HRV 方面的作用。考虑到正念与自我调节和幸福的关联，讨论了结果。我们的研究结果证实了正念在减少走神和增加 HRV 方面的作用。考虑到正念与自我调节和幸福的关联，讨论了结果。