The open-source phenomenon has reached unimaginable proportions to a point in which it is virtually impossible to find large applications that do not rely on open-source as well. However, such proportions may turn into a risk if the organizational and socio-technical aspects (e.g., the contribution and release schemes) behind open-source communities are not explicitly supported by open-source forges by-design. In an effort to make such aspects explicit and supported by-design in open-source forges, we conducted empirical software engineering as follows: (a) Through online industrial surveying, we elicited organizational and social aspects relevant in open-source communities; (b) through action research, we extended a widely known open-source support system and top-level Apache project Allura; (c) through ethnography, we studied the Allura community, and learning from its social and organizational structure, (d) we elicited a metrics framework that support more explicit organizational and socio-technical design principles around open-source communities. This article is an experience report on these results and the lessons we learned in obtaining them. We found that the extensions provided to Apache Allura formed the basis for community awareness by design, providing valuable and usable community characteristics. Ultimately, however, the extensions we provided to Apache Allura were deactivated by its core developers because of performance overheads. Our results and lessons learned allow us to provide recommendations for designing forges, like Github. Architecting a forge is a participatory process that requires active engagement, hence remarking the need for mechanisms enabling it. At the same time, we conclude that a more active support for the governance is required to avoid the failure of the forge.

中文翻译：

---

不断发展的软件伪造：来自 Apache Allura 的经验报告

开源现象已经达到了难以想象的地步，几乎不可能找到不依赖开源的大型应用程序。然而，如果开源社区背后的组织和社会技术方面（例如，贡献和发布计划）没有得到开源伪造的明确支持，那么这样的比例可能会变成一个风险. 为了使这些方面在开源伪造中明确并得到设计的支持，我们进行了如下实证软件工程： (a) 通过在线工业调查，我们引出了与开源社区相关的组织和社会方面；(b) 通过行动研究，我们扩展了广为人知的开源支持系统和顶级 Apache 项目 Allura；(c) 通过人种学，我们研究了 Allura 社区，并从其社会和组织结构中学习，(d) 我们引出了一个指标框架，支持围绕开源社区的更明确的组织和社会技术设计原则。这篇文章是关于这些结果的经验报告以及我们在获得它们时学到的经验教训。我们发现提供给 Apache Allura 的扩展通过设计形成了社区意识的基础，提供了有价值和可用的社区特征。然而，最终，由于性能开销，我们提供给 Apache Allura 的扩展被其核心开发人员停用。我们的结果和经验教训使我们能够为设计伪造提供建议，例如 Github。建造锻造厂是一个参与式过程，需要积极参与，因此需要机制来支持它。同时，我们得出结论，需要更积极的治理支持，以避免伪造的失败。由于性能开销，我们提供给 Apache Allura 的扩展被其核心开发人员停用。我们的结果和经验教训使我们能够为设计伪造提供建议，例如 Github。建造锻造厂是一个参与式过程，需要积极参与，因此需要机制来支持它。同时，我们得出结论，需要更积极的治理支持，以避免伪造的失败。由于性能开销，我们提供给 Apache Allura 的扩展被其核心开发人员停用。我们的结果和经验教训使我们能够为设计伪造提供建议，例如 Github。建造锻造厂是一个参与式过程，需要积极参与，因此需要机制来支持它。同时，我们得出结论，需要更积极的治理支持，以避免伪造的失败。