Ultrasonication, redox-pair generated free radical method and their combination (Ultrasonication/redox-pair method) was used for production of camel whey-quercetin conjugates. FTIR and SDS-PAGE confirmed successful production of whey-quercetin conjugates using ultrasonication and ultrasonication/redox-pair method. FTIR suggested existence of covalent (appearance of new peak at 3399 cm⁻¹) and non-covalent linkages (shifting of peak at 3271 cm⁻¹, 1655 cm⁻¹ (amide I), 1534 cm⁻¹ and 1422 cm⁻¹ (Amide II)) in the whey-quercetin conjugates. Moreover, SDS-PAGE of conjugates produced by ultrasonication as well redox-pair method indicated shifting of protein bands slightly towards high molecular weight due to increase in the mass of proteins due to the binding of polyphenols. All conjugates showed improved techno-functional and bioactive properties in comparison to whey proteins. Conjugates produced through ultrasonication showed smaller particle size, improved solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties while conjugates produced through ultrasonication/redox-pair method depicted superior antioxidant properties in comparison to whey. Furthermore, conjugated samples showed higher inhibition of enzymatic markers involved in diabetes and obesity with highest potential recorded in conjugates produced using ultrasonication. Therefore, ultrasonication can be successfully used individually as well as in combination with redox-pair for production of whey-quercetin conjugates with enhanced bioactive and techno-functional properties.

超声波处理、氧化还原对产生自由基的方法及其组合（超声波处理/氧化还原对方法）用于生产骆驼乳清-槲皮素缀合物。FTIR 和 SDS-PAGE 证实使用超声波和超声波/氧化还原对方法成功生产了乳清-槲皮素缀合物。FTIR 表明存在共价键（在 3399 cm ^-1处出现新峰）和非共价键（在 3271 cm ^-1、1655 cm ^-1 (酰胺 I)、1534 cm ^-1和 1422 cm ^{-1处移动峰）}(Amide II)) 在乳清-槲皮素结合物中。此外，通过超声处理和氧化还原对方法产生的缀合物的 SDS-PAGE 表明，由于多酚结合导致蛋白质质量增加，蛋白质条带略微向高分子量移动。与乳清蛋白相比，所有缀合物均显示出改进的技术功能和生物活性特性。与乳清相比，通过超声处理产生的结合物显示出更小的粒径、改善的溶解性、乳化和起泡性能，而通过超声处理/氧化还原对方法产生的结合物表现出优越的抗氧化性能。此外，结合样品显示出对糖尿病和肥胖症相关酶标记物的更高抑制作用，在使用超声处理产生的结合物中具有最高的潜力。所以，