The only way for commercial application of Li−air batteries with open structure is to receive O₂ from ambient air. Nevertheless, H₂O-containing ambient air easily induces Li passivation/dendrites and electrolyte decomposition. Apart from above issues, volatilization and leakage of organic liquid electrolytes and relatively infinite dimension variation of metallic Li also seriously discount performance of Li−air batteries. Herein, Li coating polythiophene-derived (S-doped) carbon fiber-based electrode (Li/SC) is prepared by simple rolling method and then in situ coated with deep eutectic solvent-based polymer electrolyte (DES-PE), which are further applied as anode and electrolyte of Li−air battery, respectively. Theoretical/experimental data suggest that SC skeleton possess excellent lithiophilicity/stability which restrain dendritic Li formation and reduce electrode structure damage over cycles. Furthermore, DES-PE not only possesses high ionic conductivity (1.19*10⁻³ S cm⁻¹, 30 °C), wide electrochemical window (5.0 V), no-leakage and excellent interfacial compatibility, but also combine with SC framework to greatly reduce Li passivation induced by ambient air. Hence, DES-PE@Li/SC based Li−air battery could exhibit extra-large capacity of 15,310 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹, high-capacity retention even under high current (11,896 mAh g⁻¹ at 500 mA g⁻¹) and extra-long cycling life up to 300 cycles under fixed capacity. This result provides enlightment for the advancement of Li−air batteries.

具有开放结构的锂空气电池商业应用的唯一途径是从环境空气中接收 O ₂。然而，含H ₂ O 的环境空气容易引起锂钝化/枝晶和电解质分解。除了上述问题外，有机液体电解质的挥发和泄漏以及金属锂相对无限的尺寸变化也严重影响了锂空气电池的性能。在此，Li 涂层聚噻吩衍生的（S掺杂）碳纤维基电极（Li/SC）通过简单的滚压法制备，然后原位涂有深共熔溶剂型聚合物电解质（DES-PE），分别用作锂空气电池的负极和电解质。理论/实验数据表明，SC骨架具有优异的亲锂性/稳定性，可抑制树枝状锂的形成并减少循环过程中电极结构的损坏。此外，DES-PE 不仅具有高离子电导率（1.19*10 ^-3 S cm ^-1 , 30 °C）、宽电化学窗口（5.0 V）、无泄漏和优异的界面相容性，而且与 SC 骨架相结合，大大减少环境空气引起的锂钝化。因此，基于 DES-PE@Li/SC 的锂空气电池在 100 mA g ^-1时可以表现出 15,310 mAh g ^-1的超大容量，即使在高电流（500 mA g ^-1时为11,896 mAh g ^{-1 ）}下也能保持高容量，并且在固定容量下具有长达 300 次循环的超长循环寿命。该结果为锂空气电池的发展提供了启示。